云南稻种磷高效特性相关性状的生态差异  

Ecological differences of traits of Yunnan rice under soil phosphorus deficiency

作　　者：曾亚文[1] 杜娟 普晓英 杨树明 杜威 杨涛[2] 萧凤回[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南农业大学,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第1期300-306,共7页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30660092);云南省院省校合作项目(2006YX12);云南省人才培引项目(2005PY01-14)

摘　　要：云南不仅是世界稻种(Oryza sativa L.)最大的遗传和生态多样性中心之一,也是中国土壤类型最丰富的地区;中国南方和云南耕地65%以上缺乏有效磷,土壤缺磷已成为稻作生产的主要限制因子。该文中,缺磷(速效磷6.26mg·kg-1)与适磷(速效磷40mg·kg-1)酸性红壤进行比较,以相对茎蘖数(RTA)、相对总质量(RTB)、相对地上质量(RDWU)和相对地下质量(RDWG)为参数,研究了来自云南省16个州市5个稻作区577份水稻核心种质的磷高效基因型及其生态差异,结果表明:低磷胁迫下云南稻核心种质的相对茎蘖数、相对总质量、相对地上质量和相对地下质量密切相关,这4个性状是水稻磷高效鉴定较可靠和方便的指标,并筛选出10个磷高效品种;磷高效基因型在籼粳间存在较大差异,但丁颖分类性状中的水陆、粘糯间差异较小;水稻磷高效品种广泛分布于5个稻作区和绝大多数州市,特别是磷高效极强品种主要来自云南稻种的遗传多样性中心(思茅、临沧、西双版纳、德宏和文山州)和基因多样性中心(南部边缘水陆兼作区)。这些结果有力地支持了水稻磷高效特性与酸性红壤和遗传多样性中心有关,更好地理解水稻磷高效特性的地理生态和遗传多样性机制。Yunnan is not only one of the largest centres of genetic ecological diversity of rice （Oryza sativa L） in the world, but also the richest area for soil types in China; Phosphorus （P） deficient red soil comprises over 65% of the arable land in Yunnan and south China, it is a major yield-limiting factor in rice production. The objective of this study was to identify the genotype and ecogeographic variation for phosphorus deficiency tolerance in rice, based on relative tillering abilit （RTA）, relative total dry weight （RTB）, relative dry weight up ground （RDWU） and relative dry weight under ground （RDWG） parameters at P-deficient （available P： 6.26 mg.kgl） vs P-sufficient （available P： 40 mg.kgl） under acid red soil condition, using 577 accessions core collection from five rice regions and 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province. Close correlations were found among RTA, RTB, RDWU and RDWG parameters for core collection in Yunnan rice under low-P stress, 10 tolerant varieties to P deficiency including were screened according to results based on RTA, RTB, RDWU and RDWQ. RTA is the most reliable and convenient marker of P-deficiency tolerance in rice, and there are 50% of 10 tolerant varieties to P deficiency from South marginal lowland-upland rice region. There are greater difference between indica and japonica to phosphorus deficiency, but littler difference between upland and lowland, glutinous and non-glutinous for Ding＇s classification traits. Rice landraces for P-deficiency tolerance are widespread in five rice cropping regions and most prefectures, especially the most tolerant varieties to P deficiency from the genetic diversity center （Simao, Lincang, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and Wenshan prefectures） and gene diversity center （South marginal lowland-upland rice region）. These results strongly support this point that P-deficiency tolerance in rice was associated with both the acid red soils and the genetic diversity center, better understanding of the underlying ecology and g

关 键 词：磷高效 相关参数 核心种质 生态差异 云南稻种 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]