落叶松混交林根际与非根际土壤养分、微生物和酶活性特征  

Soil nutrition, microorganisms and enzyme activity of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of mixed plantation of Larix

作　　者：吉艳芝[1] 冯万忠[2] 陈立新[2] 段文标[2] 张笑归[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态环境》2008年第1期339-343,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30271070);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C01-17);哈尔滨市后备学科带头人基金项目(0071007014)

摘　　要：近年来,落叶松(Larix gmelinii)纯林导致地力衰退和生产力下降现象引起了林业工作者广泛关注。为了揭示其地力变化的内在机理,对落叶松纯林、落叶松-水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)混交林和落叶松-蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)混交林中根际土与非根际土的pH值、土壤养分、土壤微生物和土壤酶活性进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)与纯林相比,混交林能提高根际土与非根际土的pH值,增加土壤有机质、全N、速效N、全P、速效P的含量,尤其能明显增加N素含量;能使土壤微生物总量、细菌和放线菌的数量有所增加,而真菌数量却有所减少;能提高过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶的活性。(2)与非根际土比较,除混交林中根际土的速效P外,其它养分含量与土壤生物活性均增加。(3)落叶松-水曲柳混交林能显著提高土壤养分和土壤生物活性。这从一个侧面反映了混交能改善落叶松林地和根际土壤环境,为有效防止落叶松林地土壤退化提供了理论依据。In the passed years, pure larch（Larix gmelinii） plantations had been extensively replanted on the same site in successive rotations, which had resulted in serious problems of soil fertility degradation and productivity decline, and these problems had caused considerable attention from foresters. In order to reveal its internal mechanism of soil fertility changes further, in this article soil pH value, soil nutrient, microorganisms and soil enzyme activity in the rhizosphere and the nonrhizosphere soil were analyzed in which pure plantation of larch, mixed plantation of larch and Manchurian ash（Fraxinus mandshurica） ,mixed plantation of larch and Mongolian oak（Quercus mongolica）. The results showed： （ 1 ） Compared with pure larch, Mixed plantation can improve the goil pH value and the content of soil organic matter, total N, available N, total P, available P, especially increased evidently the N content; The amounts of microorganisms soil, bacteria and actinomycetes were increased, while the number of fungi was decreased;The activity of catalase, urease, proteinase, polyphenol oxidase and sucrase were increased.（2） The content of soil nutrient and soil biologies activity were increased except for available P of rhizosphere soil of mixed plantation ,compared with non-rhizosphere soil.（3） Mixed plantation of larch and Manchurian ash could improved evidently soil nutrient and soil biologies activity.The research revealed that mixed plantation can improve rhizosphere of Larch soil condition in one side,and to prevent soil fertility of Larch from degradation.

关 键 词：落叶松 混交林 土壤养分 微生物 酶活性 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]