有机化梨园不同生境节肢动物群落特征分析  

Characters Analyses of Arthropod Communities in Organic Pear Orchard with Different Habitats

作　　者：李依林[1] 张志勇[1] 魏钦平[2] 杨宝东[1] 张民照[1] 孙淑玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术系,北京102206 [2]北京农科院林果所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2008年第4期345-349,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：北京市科技计划"梨园有机化试验示范"(D0705002040291);北京市自然科学基金重点项目"有机观光果园间作对有害生物及生态环境影响的研究"(6071001);北京市市属市管高校人才强教计划项目

摘　　要：对北京顺义地区有机化梨园中三个不同栽培区节肢动物群落特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,在同一梨园中,稀植区中节肢动物群落物种个体数明显高于密植区和施肥区。各区以同翅目木虱类害虫为最多,稀植区所占比例最高。植食性类群和寄生性类群的多样性指数在稀植区中最小,施肥区最大,优势集中性指数在稀植区中最大;捕食性类群的多样性指数在稀植区最大,施肥区多样性指数最小,优势集中性指数与之相反。由此可知,施肥对于控制害虫数量以及提高植食性类群和寄生性类群的多样性也具有一定的作用。稀植区中害虫数量最大,但其自然天敌个体数比例在各区中最小,今后该区需加大害虫防治力度。The characters of arthropod communities were studied in three different habitats of the organic pear orchard, in Shunyi, Beijing. The results showed that： The number of arthropod species was considerably larger in the low planted area than the dense planted area and the fertilized planted area. The number of Homopterous Psyllidae pests was the largest in these areas and the ratio was the highest in the low planted area. The diversity indexes of Phytophagous group and Parasitic group were the most in the fertilized planted area and the least in the low planted area, but it was opposite to Predatory group. The dominant concentration indexes of Phytophagous group and Parasitic group were the most and Predatory group was the least in the low planted area. There were some effects on controlling pests and increasing diversity of Phytophagous group and Parasitic group by fertilization in the dense planted area. The number of pests was the largest but the ratio of their natural enemies was the least in the low planted area, so it should be increased force for pests management in this area in the future.

关 键 词：有机化梨园 节肢动物 群落特征 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]