生物栅处理受污景观水体效果及机制研究  

Effects and mechanisms for river water pollutants removal using a biological grid device

作　　者：杨清海[1] 李秀艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽东学院城市环境系,辽宁丹东118003 [2]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2008年第4期14-19,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家“863”计划专项基金资助项目(No.2006AA06Z331);上海市科委重点项目(No.06dz12006、No.062312019);辽东学院科研基金资助项目(No.2007-Y09)

摘　　要：以植物、微生物为生物处理要素构建生物栅，处理污染的景观水体。选用的水生植物黄花美人蕉（Canna indica）的二级、三级根系与作为微生物载体的组合填料交织成强大的网状结构，起到固定植物、微生物附着载体及为生态系统提供氧气的作用，同时在生物栅装置运行的前期（约2h）对污染物起到网捕、吸附作用。由网捕、吸附作用对TN、TP、NH4^＋-N的去除率分别为7．2％、12．5％和10．3%，对胶体态UV254的去除率为89．6％。在不进行人工曝气的条件下，生物栅主要处于微氧状态，DO维持在1．40～1．50mg／L。生物栅的微氧状态有利于总有机碳（TOC）的去除（去除率为52．2％），特别是难降解有机物的去除（溶解态UV254去除率为27．9％），这对处理含有一定量难降解有机物的景观水体具有重要意义。由于生物栅的微氧状态及生物膜的DO浓度梯度的存在，使得微生境存在好氧、缺氧和厌氧的不同含氧状态，因而生物栅同时具有硝化、反硝化作用，并有一定的除磷效果。在水力停留时间（HRT）为72h时，生物栅对TOC、COD、TN和TP的去除率分别为52．2％、57．6％、60．9％和82．4％。A biological grid device （BGD）, with microbes and hydrophytes as main biological treatment elements, was used to treat polluted scenic river water. Sub-roots and tertiary root system of the hydrophyte Canna indica interlaced with filling material and formed powerful network, which could fix hydrophytes and serve as microbial carrier to provide oxygen for the ecological system. During the first two hours, the removal rates for TN,TP and NH4^＋-N by net entrainment and absorption were 7.2%, 12.5 % and 10.3 %, respectively, and the colloidal material removal estimated at UV254 was 89.6%. Without artificial aeration, the system had dissolved oxygen around 1.40-1.50 mg/L, and showed a 52.2 % removal rate for dissolved organic carbon and a removal rate of 27.9 % for dissolved material estimated at UV254, which was of special importance for the river water. Because the microbial films had a dissolved oxygen gradient, from aerobic, anoxic, to anaerobic, the BGD system simultaneously served the functions of nitrification, denitrification, as well as phosphorus removal. At a hydraulic retention time of 72 h, the removal rates for TOC, COD, TN and TP were 52.2%,57.6%,60.9% and 82.4%, respectively.

关 键 词：生物栅 微氧条件 受污景观水体 生态修复 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X703.1