灾区“自愈”思想初探及洪灾评估系统的构建  

Study of "self-purification" concept of disaster district and construction of flood disaster evaluation system

作　　者：武晟[1] 解建仓[1] 吴景霞[1] 金苗[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《水科学进展》2008年第2期245-250,共6页Advances in Water Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(4027102250279041);国家"863"计划研究资助项目(2005AA113150)~~

摘　　要：分析了灾区恢复过程与水体自净过程的相似性,提出了洪灾"自愈过程"概念,建立了灾区的三大"受力"系统:破坏力系统、自愈力系统和救助力系统,并通过效能平衡原理确立了三大受力的关系,采用灾后可持续发展指标体系解决了效能平衡的定量衡量问题,从而构建了完整的洪灾评估系统。系统中破坏力代表了洪水的破坏能力,自愈力代表了灾区自身抗洪救灾的能力,救助力代表了外界提供的帮助,所以该系统不仅分析了灾情,而且对灾区、对国家应当采取相应的抗洪救灾措施也进行了分析。算例分析表明,该系统具有结构完整、评估全面的特点,系统中的模型也具有地域性和时效性。同时该系统具有一定的泛化能力,对于其它类型的灾害评估决策也有一定的实用价值。The comparability of disaster district recover process flood disaster ＂self-purification process＂ is presented, and the and water self-purification process is analyzed, the concept of three power systems, destroy power system, self-purification power system and salvation power system, are constructed. The relations of the three power systems are established by the effi- ciency balance theory. The problem of quantitative measure of the efficiency balance is solved by adopting disaster-after sus- tainable development index system. An integrated flood disaster evaluation system is constructed. The system can analyze not only the situation of disaster but also the measures of disaster reduction by local government and nation. The calculate example indicates that the system has the characteristics of the structure integrity and general evaluation, and the model of the system has the characteristics of regional and timeliness. At the same time, the system has generalization ability and can be used for other type of disaster evaluation decision.

关 键 词：洪水灾害 洪灾评估 洪灾自愈过程 

分 类 号：S422[农业科学—植物保护]