湖南省阿片类物质滥用的流行病学调查Ⅱ 滥用者使用模式和人口学特征  

The Survey on Opiate Abuse at Six Areas in Hunan Province,Part II:Use Patterns and Demographical Characteristics of Opiate Abusers

作　　者：苏中华[1] 谌红献[2] 周旭辉[2] 郝伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院第二附属医院 [2]中南大学湘雅二医院精神卫生研究所,长沙410011

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2007年第3期147-150,共4页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家973项目(2003C515400);国家自然科学基金(30370522);国家禁毒委专项基金

摘　　要：目的：了解湖南省6地区阿片类物质滥用的类型、方式、首次滥用年龄、原因和滥用者的人口学特征。方法：采用整群抽样，人户调查与线索调查相结合的方法，对在68192名15岁～50岁社区普通居民中筛查出的370例阿片类物质滥用者的毒品滥用模式进行调查，并分析滥用者的人口学特征。结果：约95％的阿片类滥用者吸食海洛因，有少量滥用者用度冷丁和美沙酮；烫吸是首选滥用方式（81．4％），注射吸毒居第二位（38．6％）；首次用药平均年龄是27±6岁，90．2％的首次用药年龄小于35岁；受他人影响（75．1％）、好奇心驱使（72．7％）和追求刺激（56．5％）是阿片类物质滥用者首次用药的三大原因；滥用者中男性（87．3％）、35岁以下者（71，1％）居多，78．7％为初中或以下者，无稳定婚姻关系和无固定职业者药物滥用率明显高于稳定婚姻关系和有固定职业者。结论：海洛因是湖南阿片类物质滥用的主要类型，使用途径以烫吸和注射为主，青中年男性、受教育程度较低者、无业／失业等非固定职业者、未婚或非稳定婚姻者是阿片类物质滥用的高危人群，应加强对高危人群的毒品滥用健康教育，有效防治毒品滥用的蔓延。Objective： To understand the use patterns, initial abuse age, initial abuse reasons and the demographic characteristic of opiates abusers at six areas in Hunan Province. Methods： Combined stratified cluster-sampling, household and cue investigation, 370 opiate abusers from 68 192 community residents aged between 15 and 50 years were interviewed. Results： About 95% opiate abuses reported that they had abused heroin in their life time, and the other had abused dolantin and/or methadone. Inhalation and Injection were the first two ways of administration （ 81.4% and 38.6% ） . The average initial abuse age was 27 ±6 years, 90. 2% abuses reported that they had abused illicit drug before 35 years. Curiosity, peer pressures and exciting seeking were the first three main reasons of initial abuse （75. 1%, 72. 7% and 56. 5%, respectively） . Opiates abusers tended to be male （87.3% ）, young people aged below 35 years （71.1% ） , and 78.7% of the abusers got only junior school or below education. Subjects with unstable occupation and marital status had higher use rate than those with stable ones. Conclusion： Heroin was the major opiates abused, the main administration was inhalation and injection in Hunan Province. Young and middle aged male with low educational level or without stable occupation or marital status were the majority of opiates abusers.

关 键 词：精神病学 成瘾行为 流行病调查 阿片类物质 使用方式 首次吸毒年龄 社会人口学特征 

分 类 号：R595.5[医药卫生—内科学] R181.35[医药卫生—临床医学]