早期干预对智力发育低下婴幼儿智能发展的作用  

Early Intervention on Children with Mental Retardation

作　　者：陈达光[1] 陈燕惠[1] 张镜源[2] 陈红 林桂秀[1] 林秋君[1] 陈珊[1] 陈静 

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学附属协和医院,福州350001 [2]福建医科大学统计教研室,福州350004 [3]福州向日葵早期教育培训中心,福州350001

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2007年第1期10-13,共4页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨早期干预对智力发育低下婴幼儿智能发展的作用。方法以自愿来早教中心进行早期干预的智力发育低下婴幼儿(总发育商<70)30名为试验组,另选择与其基本条件相同的婴幼儿30名为对照组。试验组除进行早期干预的培训工作外,还于培训前和培训3、6、9个月后各测评发育商(DQ)1次。对照组无培训工作,于入组时和9个月后各测评DQ1次。两组入组时均隔天肌肉注射脑活素2ml共30次,大于1岁的小儿则同时口服尼莫地平和叶酸。结果①试验组经培训9个月后,其总发育商平均值提高27.6分,高于对照组观察9个月后总发育商平均值提高3.7分,试验组总DQ值增加明显高于对照组(H=40.13,P<0.01)。②试验组培训9个月后,24例总DQ值达中下水平以上(总DQ值>80),24例中14例达中等水平以上(总DQ值>90)。③在30例试验组的智力发育低下婴幼儿基础总DQ值中5个能区的DQ值比较发现,大运动能力影响较其它4个能区的能力影响最少(P<0.01)。结论早期干预对智力发育低下婴幼儿的智能发展有显著效果,其中药物干预的作用较小,培训工作的作用较大,早期干预是降低智力残疾发生率的有效措施。Object： To explore the effects of early intervention on children with mental retardation. Methods： 30 children with mental retardation （ DQ 〈 70 ）voluntary to the exercise center as experimental group were trained by early intervention. Other 30 children with DQ 〈 70 were collected as control. The experimental group was tested DQ score at the beginning and the 3rd, 6th, 9th month after training. The control group was only examined DQ score at the beginning and after 9 months. Children in both groups were injected intramuscularly with 2ml Cerebrolysin, qod for 60 days, and took orally Nimodipine and Folic Acid if the child was over 1 year-old. Results： （1）At the 9th month after training, DQ of the experimental group was improved 27. 6, which was much higher than that of the control group, which was improved 3.7 （ H = 40. 13, P 〈 0. 01 ） .（2）In the experimental group, 24 children＇s DQ were improved up to the middle and lower developmental level （ DQ 〉 80 ） , 14 of those were above average level （ DQ 〉 90 ） . （3）For the experimental group at baseline, DQ of the gross movement was the highest （71.5 ± 10. 5 ）, while that of the other four areas were similar （fine movement 56. 7 ± 10. 4, adaptability 59. 6 ± 12. 5, language 54. 3 ± 11.7, social 56. 8 ± 14. 7 ） . Conclusions： Early intervention had significant effects for the development of children with mental retardation, which medicine has less role.

关 键 词：智力低下 早期干预 病例对照研究 发育商 

分 类 号：R395.3[哲学宗教—心理学]