三格式厕所和沼气池杀灭血吸虫卵效果  

Effect of three-cell latrine and methane tank for eliminating eggs of Schistosoma japonicum

作　　者：曾小军 姜唯声 洪献林 陈红根 胡神助 葛军 陈年高 

机构地区：[1]江西省寄生虫病防治研究所,南昌330046 [2]江西省进贤县血吸虫病防治站

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2008年第2期110-113,共4页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：江西省卫生厅科技项目(20062005);江西省卫生厅重大科技招标项目(200509)

摘　　要：目的了解在不同季节或温度下三格式厕所和斜置椭球B型沼气池现场杀灭血吸虫卵的时间和效果,以评估这2种类型厕所在血吸虫病疫区推广应用的价值。方法在不同的季节里,将感染家兔后获得的血吸虫卵置于三格式厕所和沼气池中,在第5、10、15、20、25、30、40、50天和第60天分别取出虫卵进行孵化试验,观察并计算毛蚴数。结果三格式厕所在冬、春(秋)季和夏季完全杀灭"虫卵粪渣"中血吸虫卵的时间分别为50、30d和15d;完全杀灭100个血吸虫卵的时间分别为40、20d和10d。沼气池在冬、春(秋)季和夏季完全杀灭"虫卵粪渣"中血吸虫卵的时间分别为30、15d和10d;完全杀灭100个血吸虫卵的时间分别为20、15d和5d。结论三格式厕所和斜置椭球B型沼气池是血吸虫病疫区杀灭人、畜粪便中血吸虫卵的有效途径之一。在江西省血吸虫病疫区,不同季节按照完全杀灭血吸虫卵的时间,均可以达到国家粪便无害化的卫生标准。Objective To understand the effect of the three-cell latrine and B-type tilted ellipsoid methane tank for eliminating eggs of schistosome in different seasons and temperatures in order to evaluate their values for popularization and application in schistosomiasis endemic areas. Methods The eggs of schistosome collected from infected rabbits were put into the three-cell latrines and methane tanks in different seasons. The miracidia were observed and counted after collecting the eggs for hatching experiments on the 5th, 10th ,15th, 20th, 25th, 30th, 40th, 50th, and 60th day, respectively. Results In the three-cell latrine, the time of eliminating eggs completely in the fecal residue in winter, spring （autumn）, and summer was 50, 30, 15 days , respectively, and the time of completely eliminating 100 eggs of schistosome was 40, 20, 10 days, respectively. Correspondingly, in the methane tank, the time of eliminating eggs completely in the fecal residue in winter, spring （autumn）, and summer was 30, 15, 10 days , respectively, and the time of completely eliminating 100 eggs of schistosome was 20, 15, 5 days, respectively. Conclusions The three-cell latrine and B-type tilted ellipsoid methane tank could effectively eliminate schistosome eggs in human and animal excreta and achieve the national hygienic standard on night soil in the endemic areas of Jiangxi Province.

关 键 词：三格式厕所 斜置椭球B型沼气池 血吸虫卵 血吸虫病 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]