高温胁迫对国稻6号开花结实习性的影响  

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Flowering and Grain-Setting Characteristics for Guodao 6

作　　者：陶龙兴[1] 谈惠娟[1] 王熹[1] 曹立勇[1] 宋建[1] 程式华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《作物学报》2008年第4期669-674,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：中国超级稻研究专项;农业部农业科技跨越计划项目(06-01);农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项(06-03-01B);国家农业综合开发科技推广项目(2006-27-2);中央级公益性科研院所专项资金项目;浙江省重点攻关项目(2005C22019)

摘　　要：为研究杂交稻对开花结实期高温胁迫的生理生态适应性,选用具代表性的主栽杂交稻组合国稻6号、两优培九等,人工设计极值高温40℃,自始穗后第15天每天6h进行热害处理,以自然气候条件为对照,测评结实的热害指数,并从中选择对开花结实期高温胁迫反应差异较大的国稻6号与协优46,观察高温胁迫对其开花结实习性的影响。结果表明,国稻6号具较高耐热性似与其"被动避热"适应性有关,主要表现在开花结实习性的变化,首先是花期缩短,花期集中,"粒间顶端优势"有所减弱;其次是花时分散,开花峰期峰值下降,虽未见花时提前,但见日初花量增加与花时向后延长2h。Worldwide warming climate is causing more and more disadvantages for farming. A better understanding of high temperature stress on rice production is necessary for sustainable agriculture. In present study, eight leading hybrid rice combinations were selected to study the physiological and morphological adaptability to 40℃ air temperature stress. Heat treatment was conducted by 6 h each day from initial heading through 15 days. Guodao 6 and Xieyou 46 showed significant differences in response to high temperature stress during flowering period, and were selected to do further study on their flowering and grain-setting characteristic to high temperature stress. It was observed that Guodao 6 showed a relative stability in grain setting under high temperature stress. This may be associated with its adaptability to heat avoidance, displaying flowering period short- ened and ＂Apical grain superiority＂ weakened, as well as flowering clock decentralized and the flowering peak value decreased. Daily number of spikelet flowering increased and flowering clock delayed for 2 hours during initial heading period.

关 键 词：高温胁迫 耐热性 杂交水稻 花时 开颖率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]