航天员心理调适能力训练方法研究  

Research on Training Methods for Psycho-regulating Adaptation Ability of Astronaut

作　　者：刘芳[1] 吴斌[1] 白延强[1] 景晓路[1] 王峻[1] 吴萍[1] 刘兴华[1] 刘学勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2008年第3期245-251,共7页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：中国航天医学工程预先研究项目(2005SY5211012)

摘　　要：目的探索适宜于不同压力情境的有效心理调适方法。方法首先在大学生群体中以压力情境和调适方法为自变量,以情绪体验、情绪生理及行为表现为因变量,进行"不同压力情境下不同调适方法效果的比较研究"。在研究结果总结、分析基础上筛选有效要素、整合新方法,运用在航天模拟情境进行有效性验证。最后,在航天员训练中进一步应用验证。结果大学生群体实验结果显示,飞镖或速算压力下,想象放松都有明显降低心率的作用。而双重注意刺激只在速算压力条件下能降低心率;双重注意刺激组在飞镖竞赛压力条件下的操作水平较其他组差。演讲压力条件下,积极暗示组演讲面部表情得分显著优于其他组,资源植入具有降低主观焦虑的作用。在航天模拟情境下,想象放松显示出具有缓和焦虑和提高被试者调节能力的作用。在演讲比赛压力条件下,整合积极资源(积极想象、积极自我暗示和资源植入)组在演讲语音、语调、语速和整体表现上优于对照组。对航天员进行想象放松和整合积极资源方法训练有效性得到参训者的普遍认可。结论想象放松能缓解压力焦虑;整合积极资源能够提升自信和演讲表现水平。Objective To explore the effective Psycho-regulating methods for situations under different kinds of psycho-pressure. Methods Firstly, some psycho-regulating methods were conducted on the university students as they were in speech, dart and fast calculation contests,then their emotional experience, relevant physiological indicators and behaviors were compared and studied. Secondly, on the basis of summarizing the results and selecting effective elements, the new methods were integrated and used in the simulated space environment to be validated for its efficiency. Thirdly, those methods, proved to be effective in the second step, were applied to the astronauts for further validation. Results In university student experiments, imaginative relaxation significantly decreased the HR under the pressure of both speech and dart contests,but dual attention stimulation could decrease the HR only in the fast calculation contest;under the pressure of dart contents, under the pressure of dual attention group,under the pressure of speech contest, the scores of the subjects who received positive implication were higher than those of the others and positive resource installation was found effective to relieve the subjective anxiety. In the simulated space environment, under the pressure of hyper-gravity, imaginative relaxation could relieve the anxiety. During speech contest, the speech tone, speed and the whole performance of the subjects in positive resource integration group （received active imagination, active self implication and resource installation）, were better than those of control group. Conclusion Imaginative relaxation can effectively relieve anxiety from pressure; the integration of positive resource can promote self-confidence and the performance of speech.

关 键 词：航天员 心理调适能力 训练方法 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]