广东省非螺区输入性钉螺生存及繁殖能力的研究  

Study on survival and reproduction ability of imported oncomelania snail in non-snail area in Guangdong province

作　　者：骆雄才[1] 黄少玉[1] 邓卓晖[1] 李建中[2] 林荣幸[1] 张启明[1] 张贤昌[1] 尹冬梅[2] 吴景赠[2] 黄金龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510300 [2]广东省卫生厅

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2008年第2期1-5,共5页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2005A20902004);广东省医学科学研究基金项目(A2005080)

摘　　要：目的了解输入性钉螺在广东省非螺区水网地带及珠江口冲积地咸淡水交接区域的生存能力,为制定血吸虫病监测技术方案提供科学依据。方法根据广东省原螺区的地貌,在非疫区选择类似的广州市番禺区大石镇飞龙的渠塘边地及珠江口咸淡水交接地带南沙区万顷沙原野山庄低洼地作为观察点,各设置养螺笼5个。2006年1、8月分别到湖南岳阳市洞庭湖洲滩用人工捕集法收集钉螺,采用解剖法、爬行法等对钉螺的死活、雌雄及感染性等进行鉴定;2006年1、8月分别两次(第1、2批)在两个观察点投放输入活钉螺,每笼投放活钉螺10～50只;于投螺后次月起逐月对输入钉螺的死活情况、交配情况及气温等进行观察记录。结果第1批输入钉螺在水网地区的大石观察点3个月时检查的存活率为26.67%(48/180),7个月存活率为10.56%(19/180),最长存活时间达近2年,存活率为2.22%(4/180)。珠江口咸淡水交接地南沙观察点第1批输入的钉螺生存时间仅约6个月,3个月的存活率为1.67%(3/180);第2批输入的3个月、6个月、1年检查的存活率分别为31.20%(78/250)、25.60%(64/250)和1.48%(37/250)。大石、南沙2个观察点1-12月均可见钉螺交配现象,查获的活钉螺总交配率分别为15.61%(216/1384)和14.18%(134/945)(P>0.05)。2007年5月10日和6月14日分别在南沙和大石观察点查获第2代钉螺3只和4只。结论洞庭湖区钉螺在广东省水网地区及珠江口咸淡水交接地带的可疑孳生环境中可以生存、交配和繁殖。Objective To examine viability of imported oneomelania snail in non - snail brooky areas, salty and limnetic water adjacent alluvial deposits at the mouth of Pearl River, and provide evidence to monitor schistosomiasis. Methods Two non - affected places at Dashi town, Panyu district and Wanqingsha, Nansha district, the adjacent region of linbetuc and salty water at the mouth of Pearl River, were chosen as observational sites to install 5 snail cages in each place, according to original physiognomy of snail area in Guangdong. Imported oncomelania snails were collected from beaches of Dongting Lake, Yueyang city, Hunan province, in January or August 2006. After identified their life, male or female and infectivity, live snails were putted into two sites, 10 -50 per cage, and then recorded their life, mating and air temperature in each month. Results The survival rate of the first imported oncomelania snails at Dashi observation site in brooky water dense area was 26.67% （48/180） after 3 months, 10.56% （19/180） after 7 months, and 2.22% （4/180） after the longest two survival years. While at Nansha observation site in the salty and limnetic water adjacent region at mouth of Pearl River, the first group showed only 6 months survival time with survival rate of 1.67% （3/180） after 3 months and the second group were 31.20% （78/ 250）, 25.60% （64/250） and 1.48% （37/250） after 3 months, 6 months and one year respectively. The mating rate of oncomelania snails in two sites were 15.61% （216/1 384） and 14.18 % （134/945） and occurred from January to December, without significant difference （P 〉0.05）. On May 10 and June 14,2007, 3 second generation snails in Nansha and 4 in Dashi were captured respectively. Conclusion Imported oncomelania snails from Dongting Lake could survive, mate and reproduce under the environment of brooky water dense areas and the salty and limnetic water adjacent alluvial region at month of Pearl River in Guangdong province.

关 键 词：钉螺 血吸虫病 生存能力 繁殖 

分 类 号：R184.38[医药卫生—流行病学]