拒马河北京段鱼类组成及其多样性  

Fish composition and species biodiversity of the Beijing section of Juma River

作　　者：杨文波[1] 李继龙[1] 李绪兴[1] 刘宝祥[1] 沈公铭[1] 张晓惠[1] 雷云雷[1] 李小恕[1] 贾静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院资源与环境研究中心,北京100039

出　　处：《上海水产大学学报》2008年第2期175-181,共7页Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University

基　　金：北京市环保局自然保护区基金项目(2003)

摘　　要：根据2004年3月、7月和9月对拒马河北京段进行的鱼类调查结果,研究了拒马河北京段鱼类种类、分布及物种多样性。结果表明,调查区域共发现鱼类24种,隶属于3目8科24属,多为中底层小型鱼类,其中麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)为拒马河北京段内优势种类。将本次调查结果与历史资料比较后发现,拒马河北京段内鱼类的种类减少了3目5科18种,表明拒马河鱼类物种多样性遭到破坏,亟待保护。水文条件变化、水利工程建设、过度捕捞和非法采砂是造成该区鱼类物种多样性减少的主要原因。针对该地鱼类物种减少,提出以下保护对策:(1)建立自然保护区;(2)限制水利工程的建设;(3)实施禁渔制度;(4)人工增殖放流;(5)增强民众保护意识。In March, July, September 2004, species composition, distribution and diversity of fish in Juma River were investigated. A total of 24 species of fish subjected to 24 genera, 8 families, 3 orders were found in this river and Pseudorasbora parva is dominant. Most of these species are small Meso-pelagic or Demersal fishes. Compared to the results of historic survey, 18 species, 5 families and 3 orders of fishes have been absent, which indicated that fish species diversity has been damaged in Juma river and conservation measures are urgently needed. After analyzing these factors which may cause lower fish diversity, we found that changes of hydrography, dams and power plants construction, over-fishing and sand mining lawlessly are the main causes. At last, five conservation countermeasures to protect Juma River fish diversity are suggested： （1） establishing a nature reserve; （2） restricting construction project along the river; （3） enforcing fishing restriction measures; （4）restocking the lost fish species;（5）enhancing conservation awareness of both local residents and tourists.

关 键 词：拒马河 鱼类物种多样性 保护 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]