20世纪下半叶以来阿克苏河山前绿洲带气候、径流变化特征及其人类活动影响  

Changes in Runoff and Climate and the Human Activity Impacts in the Aksu River outside the Mountains since the Second Half of 20 Century

作　　者：张姣[1] 刘光琇[1] 沈永平[1] 王国亚[1] 邵春[1] 王顺德[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2008年第2期218-223,共6页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411507);国家自然科学基金项目(40771047);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-127)资助

摘　　要：利用1961-2000年气温、降水资料和20世纪50年代初/中期建站到2005年逐月实测径流资料,分析了20世纪下半期以来阿克苏河山口到塔里木河汇合区的气候与径流变化特征,同时分析了人类活动对区域气候及径流变化的影响.研究表明:研究区存在升温变化的趋势,尤其是冬季升温明显,40 a来增温率为0.13℃.(10a)-1,流域内降水增加趋势明显.阿克苏河两大支流合计年径流量20世纪90年代较50年代增加46.7%.受人类活动和绿洲效应等影响,区域内温度变化不尽相同,阿克苏市夏季气温升高速率为0.20℃.(10a)-1,但阿拉尔夏季气温却以-0.27℃.(10a)-1速率呈下降趋势.耕地面积、灌溉引水增加等人类活动改变了径流的年内分配,使得阿克苏河补给塔里木河的水量明显减少,50 a来阿拉尔水文站年径流量持续减少,径流量减少达15.9%.In this paper, the data of air temperature and precipitation in Aksu, Awat and Aral Meteorological Stations from 1961 to 2000 and the monthly data of runoff of the Aksu and Tarim River measured in Xiehela, Shaliguilanke, Xidaqiao and Aral Hydrological Stations from the1950s to 2005 are analyzed, in order to reveal the changes of runoff and climate in the second half of 20 century. The influence of human activity on runoff and temperature is analyzed too. It is found that the climate is warming in this area, especially in winter, with a temperature increasing rate of 0.13 ℃·（10a）^-1 from 1961 to 2000. Precipitation has in-creased obviously in this region. The runoff in both Xiehela and Shaliguilanke Hydrological Stations has increased significantly by 46.7% in the latest 40 years. Affected by human activity and oasis effect, temperature increasing is different from place to place. Summer temperature increasing rate in Aksu is 0.20℃·（10a）^-1 but it is -0.27℃·（10a）^-1 in Aral. The increasing agriculture area and irrigation water change the temporal distribution of annual runoff, and lead to the annual runoff in the Aral Hydrological Station decreasing continuously, as a result, the runoff decreased by 15.9 in the 40 years.

关 键 词：径流变化 气候变化 人类活动 阿克苏河山前绿洲带 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]