南大西洋深水盆地的构造沉积演化及含油气系统  

Tectono-sedimentary Evolution and Petroleum Systems of the Deepwater Basin along South Atlantic Ocean Margin

作　　者：袁圣强[1,2] 吴时国[1,3] 马玉波[1,2] 付彦辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国石油大学(华东),山东青岛266555

出　　处：《天然气地球科学》2008年第2期216-221,共6页Natural Gas Geoscience

基　　金：中国科学院三期院创新项目“南海北部深水海域油气勘探的关键问题研究”(编号:KZCX2-YW-203);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目研究课题“南海新生代大陆边缘沉积演化模式”(编号:2007CB411703)资助

摘　　要：南大西洋两岸的被动大陆边缘盆地是当今深水油气勘探开发的热点区域,其构造沉积作用及含油气条件受控于大西洋的裂开、持续扩张漂移和气候、海平面变化的影响。大西洋边缘盆地的构造演化可以分为前裂谷期、裂谷期、过渡期和漂移期(漂移期又可分为海侵和海退2个时期);裂谷期发育陆相河流—湖泊—三角洲相沉积体系,过渡期发育阿普第期蒸发盐岩系,漂移期发育海相碳酸盐岩和深水碎屑岩沉积体系。以阿普第期蒸发盐岩系为界,南大西洋深水盆地发育盐下和盐上2套含油气系统,盐下层油气系统烃源岩为湖相泥(页)岩,储层为河流—三角洲相及滨岸相砂岩,盖层为阿普第期蒸发盐岩;盐上层油气系统的主力烃源岩主要是上白垩统海相泥(页)岩,储层以浊积砂岩储层为主,盖层为各个时期发育的泥(页)岩。南大西洋盆地张裂过程的差异性控制了层序发育、蒸发盐岩的分布和含油气潜力。The South Atlantic Margin Basins （SAMB） are the deepwater E＆P hot areas of the world, whose tectono-sedimentary and hydrocarbon conditions are controlled by the rifting and continued drifting of the South Atlantic, the change of weather and the sea level fluctuation. The structure evolution of SAMB can be divided into the prerift, rift, transitional and drift periods, and the drift period can be further divided into the marine transgressive and marine retrogressive periods. The terrestrial river, lacustrine and delta depositional systems were developed in the rift period, the Aptian evaporite rock was developed in the transitional period, and the carbonate and deepwater clastic rock systems were developed in the drift period. The SAMB petroleum systems can be divided into the presah rift and postsah drift petroleum systems by the Aptian salt layer, the source rock of the presah rift petroleum system is lacustrine shale, its reservoir is the river, delta and shoreland sandstone, and the transitional salt is its cap rock; the source rock of the postsah drift petroleum system is marine shale and the secondary migration of the rift continental source rock, the turbidite is the major revervoir, the cap rock is shale, and the late Cretaceous marine source rock is dominant in this layer. The diverse rifting and drifting of the South Atlantic Ocean controlls the sequence development, evaporates distribution and hydrocarbon potential of the SAMB.

关 键 词：大西洋 深水盆地 构造沉积演化 张裂作用 含油气系统 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]