汉语阅读障碍儿童语言能力研究  

Language Skill Deficits in Chinese Children with Specific Reading Disorder

作　　者：黄旭[1] 静进[1] 吴汉荣[2] 邹小兵[3] 王梦龙[1] 李秀红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生系 [2]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系 [3]中山大学附属第三医院儿童发育行为中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2008年第4期299-301,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目:母语特性与儿童阅读障碍关系的神经心理研究(编号:30470579);汉语阅读障碍的神经心理损害特性(编号:30671771)

摘　　要：目的研究汉语特定阅读障碍(SRD)儿童的语音加工、快速命名速度和正字法意识能力,探索汉语SRD儿童的语言能力缺陷。方法依据ICD-10和CCMD-3诊断标准,确诊SRD儿童28人;同时,以年龄、年级、性别、父母文化及职业、家庭经济情况等条件,按1∶1配对从某普通小学选择正常儿童28人为对照组。应用挑异音(辨声母、韵母、声调)、语音短时记忆、颜色和数字快速命名、辨真假字测验等对2组儿童的语言能力进行测试。结果SRD组儿童语音意识总成绩明显低于对照组(15.50±5.09vs21.82±5.85,P<0.01),其中辨声母、辨韵母、辨声调3项测验的成绩均明显低于对照组儿童(6.25±2.29vs8.21±1.20,P<0.01;4.18±2.44vs6.75±2.34,P<0.01;5.07±1.98vs6.86±3.43,P<0.05);语音短时记忆容量明显低于对照组儿童(5.43±1.14vs6.64±1.13,P<0.01)。综合来看,SRD组儿童的语音技能比对照组差(F=8.844,P<0.01)。在快速命名测验的2项分测验——颜色和数字快速命名中,SRD组的命名时间均明显比对照组长(42.89±14.54vs29.49±5.65,P<0.01;22.24±6.14vs16.55±4.04,P<0.01)。SRD组儿童辨真假字测验成绩明显低于对照组儿童(34.86±4.51vs37.11±2.94,P<0.05)。对各类不符合规则的假字的判断成绩明显低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。结论汉语SRD儿童的语言能力水平落后于正常儿童,存在语音技能、快速命名速度和正字法意识等语言能力缺陷。Objective To explore the language skill deficits of Chinese children with specific reading disorder （ SRD ） in phonological progressing, rapid naming and orthographic awareness. Methods According to the diagnostic criteria defined by ICD - 10 and CCMD -3, 28 children with SRD were recruited, and 28 normal children with the same age, sex, grade and family condition were chosen as control group. Both groups of children were assessed on language skills tests including onset detection, rhyme detection, phonological short-term memory, rapid naming task and character/nancharacter decision task. Results Children with SRD had significantly lower total scores in phonological awareness subtest （ 15.50 ± 5.09vs. 21.82 ± 5.85, P 〈 0.01 ）, and their scores in the onset detection, rhyme detection and tone detection subtests were all lower compared with control group children （6.25±2.29 vs. 8.21 ±1.20, P〈0.01; 4. 18 ±2.44 vs. 6.75±2.34, P 〈0.01; 5.07 ±1.98 vs. 6.86±3.43, P〈 0.05 ）. Their phonological short-term memory capacity was significantly smaller than that of controls （ 5.43 ± 1.14 vs. 6.64 ± 1.13, P 〈 0.01 ）. All in all, the children with SRD had poorer phonological skills compared with controls （ F =8. 844, P 〈0.01 ）. In the two subtests of rapid naming （ color and digit naming tasks）, the naming time of SRD group were longer than that of control group （42.89 ± 14.54 vs. 29.49 ± 5.65, P 〈0.01 ; 22.24 ± 6.14 vs. 16.55 ± 4.04, P 〈0.01 ）. The peifornrance of children with SRD in the character/noncharacter decision task were＇peorer than that of controls （34.86 ±4.51 vs. 37.11 ±2.94, P 〈0.05）, they got lower scores in discerning three kinds of irregular noncharacters compared with control group children （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Chinese children with SRD have deficits in the phonological skills, rapid naming speed and orthographic awareness.

关 键 词：阅读障碍 语言 对比研究 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R395.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]