低浓度丙烯腈对职业工人健康的影响  

Study on Health and Neurobehavioral Effects of Wrokers Occupational Exposed to Low Concentration of Acrylonitrile

作　　者：韩方岸[1] 胡云[2] 陆荣柱[3] 姜方平[1] 王苏华[3] 邢光伟[3] 

机构地区：[1]镇江市疾病预防控制中心,江苏镇江212003 [2]镇江出入境检验检疫局,江苏镇江212008 [3]江苏大学医学院化学分析中心,江苏镇江212001

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2008年第2期125-129,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：江苏省2005年社会发展科技计划基金项目(编号：BS2005049);江苏省2005年自然科学基金(编号：BK2004061);江苏省预防医学科研基金项目(编号：YZ200410)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨职业接触低浓度丙烯腈(AN)对工人健康的影响,为保护职业接触工人健康提供依据。[方法]检测4家以AN为原料的化工企业车间空气AN浓度。选取267名接触AN职业工人为暴露组,以342人不接触化学毒物的服务业工人为对照组,进行健康监护和流行病学调查,分析接触低浓度AN对工人健康的影响。[结果]接触组主诉头疼、头晕、心悸、胸闷、失眠、咽痛、腹痛等自觉症状高于对照组(P<0.01)。接触组男性愤怒状态高于对照组(P<0.01);接触组女性的愤怒、紧张、忧郁、疲惫状态高于对照组(P<0.01)。接触组的血压、脉压差、白细胞计数及心电图改变高于对照组(P<0.05);血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶异常率为18.35%,高于对照组的2.63%(P<0.01);肝脂肪浸润、脂肪肝发生率高于对照组。接触组外周血淋巴细胞染色体总畸变率、畸变阳性率高于对照组(P<0.01);淋巴细胞微核率、微核阳性检出率也高于对照组(P<0.01);且染色体总畸变率、微核率与职业接触工龄呈正相关关系(r_1=0.917,r_2=0.894,均P<0.01)。[结论]职业接触低浓度AN对工人健康有一定伤害,应重视控制生产环境空气AN浓度,加强对接触工人的个人防护。[ Objective ] To explore the health effects of workers exposed to low-concentration of acrylonitrile, so as to provide scientific evidence for protecting the health of occupational workers. [ Methods ] Acrylonitrile concentrations were monitored in 4 chemistry industry corporations where acrylonitrile was used as raw material. An epidemiological study and health surveillance for 267 workers exposed to acrylonitrile with 342 food and public workers of non-exposed to chemcal poisons as control were carried out to analyze the effects of low-concentration acrylonitrile on occupational worker＇ s health. [ Results ] The rates of the headache, dizziness, heart-throb, chest stuff, insomnia, angina, bellyache in exposure group were significantly higher than that of control group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The male outrage state in exposure group were higher than that in control group（ P 〈 0.01 ）, the female outrage, strain, doldrums, frazzle in exposure group were higher than that in control group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The blood pressure, pulse pressure, leukocyte in exposure group were higher than that in control group（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The change in electrocardiogram in exposure group were higher than that in control group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The ALT abnormity rate in exposure group 18.35%（ 49/267 ） was higher than that in control group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. The rate of liver fatty infiltration and the fatty liver were higher than that in Control group （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The blood lymphocytes chromosome aberration rate, the aberration positive rate, the lymphocytes micronucleus rate and the micronucleus detection rate in exposure group were all higher than in control group（ P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion ] Low-concentration exposure to acrylonitrile can induce health damage in the occupational workers. Control the AN concentration in the air of workplaces and effective individual protections should be regarded.

关 键 词：丙烯腈 职业工人 流行病学调查 神经行为 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]