小麦与珍珠粟远缘杂交的受精作用和胚胎发育  

FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN WHEAT×PEARL MILLET WIDE CROSSES

作　　者：张艳丽[1] 赵云云[1] 王景林[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生物系,北京100037

出　　处：《西北植物学报》1997年第3期355-361,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

摘　　要：对波斯小麦、“中国春”小麦与珍珠粟远缘杂交的受精作用和胚胎发育进行了研究。珍珠粟花粉管能在小麦柱头上萌发，并且有多个花粉管进入花往及胚囊。波斯小麦已授粉的207个子房中，11．11％既形成胚又形成胚乳，7．25％只形成胚，而1．93％只形成胚乳，在这个杂交中受精率和成胚率分别为20．29％和18．36％。“中国春”小麦已授粉的167个子房中，相应的数字是299％、5．99％、0、8．98％和8．98％。杂交后形成的胚和胚乳核型极不稳定，来自珍珠粟的染色体很快被排除，最后产生的是单倍体的小麦胚。但因无胚乳或胚乳败育，幼胚缺乏营养供应而停止发育或夭亡。探讨了影响小麦×珍珠粟受精率的可能因素以及通过远缘杂交染色体排除法进行单倍体诱导和珍珠粟基因向小麦转移的可能性。The fertilization and embryo development in crosses of Triticum carthlicum (wheat)×Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) and Triticum aestivum L.cv. 'Chinese Spring'(wheat) × Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) were studied.The pearl millet pollenreadily germinated on the wheat stigma and more than one pollen tubes grew into thestyle and entered the embryo sac. Of 207 ovaries of Triticum carthlicum after pollination 11.11% had embryo and endosperm, 7. 25% had only embryo and 1.93% had only en-dosperm. The frequencies of fertilization and embryo productivity in this crosses were20. 29% and 18. 36%. Of 167 ovaries of 'Chinese Spring' after pollination 2. 99%,5. 99%, 0. 8, 98% and 8. 98% were the related figures. The hybrid embryos and en-dosperms obtained were karyotypically unstable and characterized by rapid eliminationof the pearl millet chromosomes to produce haploid wheat embryos. But the embryosdied young because of no endosperms or endosperms abortion. The factors influencedfrequency of fertilization and the potentials for wheat haploid production by eliminationof the pearl millet chromosomes and transfer of DNA segments from pearl millet are dis-cussed.

关 键 词：远缘杂交 小麦 珍珠栗 受精 胚胎 发育 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学] S515.035.1