上海市卢湾区50年麻疹流行病学及免疫效果分析  

Analysis on the epidemiological features of measles and the effects of its immunization in Luwan District of Shanghai in 50 years

作　　者：陆璐[1] 刘骁[2] 朱宏幼[2] 陈云华[2] 何景雄[2] 章朝霞[2] 邱晓奋[2] 宋黎黎[2] 姜庆五[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [2]上海市卢湾区疾病预防控制中心,上海200025

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2008年第4期165-167,共3页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]分析上海市卢湾区1956—2006年麻疹的流行病学特征和免疫接种效果。[方法]对1956—2006年麻疹发病情况和免疫接种情况进行描述性流行病学分析。[结果]1958年麻疹发病率达4317.4/10万,为历史之最。开展免疫接种后发病率逐年显著下降,年发病率下降并控制在1/10万以下。发病季节高峰由冬季后移至春季3—5月。婴幼儿发病率最高,下降幅度最大,成人发病率变化不大。麻疹发病的性别差异不显著,男女发病率之比为1.18∶1。发病率与接种率两者呈高度负相关。[结论]目前麻疹发病率处于历史最低水平,充分显示免疫预防效果。目前成人高发,是消除麻疹过程中急需解决的问题。[ Objective ] To analyse the epidemiological features of measles and the effects of immunization in Luwan District of Shanghai from 1956 to 2006 in order to prevent and control measles. [ Methods] The incidence and immunization data of measles ware analyzed. [ Results ] The reported incidence reached 4317.4/100000 in 1958 before measles vaccination was carried out. During the immunization period, incidence had been descending markedly year after year to 1/100000. The seasonal peak shifted from winter to spring and appeared from March to May. Incidence of infants was the highest and descended most sharply while that of adult descended only a little. The difference between sex - specific incidence rates was small and the ratio was 1.18 ： 1. Incidence was inversely correlated to immunization rate. [ Conclusion ] Incidence of measles is now at the lowest level which shows the great effect of immunization. Adults have been main sufferers. This is a problem which should be solved urgently in the process of eliminating measles.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学 发病率 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]