不同纬度地区光温生态对水稻光、温敏不育性的选择压研究  

Ecological Pressure of Daylength and Temperature in Different Latitude Region on Selection of Photo -or Thermosen- sitive Genie Male Sterility of Rice

作　　者：程式华[1] 孙宗修[1] 斯华敏[1] 卓丽圣 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所

出　　处：《作物学报》1997年第6期683-688,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家863计划;浙江省8812计划资助项目

摘　　要：对不同纬度地区广州(23°08＇N)、福州(26°05＇N)、长沙(28°12＇N)、杭州(30°19＇N)、南京(32°N)和沈阳(41°49＇N)的光温生态对光、温敏不育性的选择压作了初步分析。结果表明,在不考虑温度因素的前提下,对光敏不育的选择压从南到北渐增,而对光敏可育的选择压渐减,在不考虑日长的前提下,对温敏不育的选择压除沈阳外,其余5个地点差异不大,对长日低温不育和短日高温可育光敏型不育系的选择压,在分析的6个地点中,没有一个是非常具备的。通过对各地育成的101份不育系的育性转换光温反应型的分类,分析了在不同生态选择压下的育种成效。讨论了改单一环境下选择为多点多环境下选择和在人工控制选择压下进行有目的的选择的重要性。Ecological pressure of daylength and temperature on selection of photo- or thermosensitive genie male sterility(PGMS or TGMS)of rice was studied under the environments of different latitude region i. e. Guangzhou(23°08'N) , Fuzhou(26°05'N), Changsha(28°12' N), Hangzhou(30°19'N), Nanjing(32°N)and Shenyang(41°49'N). It was shown that the selection pressure on PGMS increases and that on photoperiod sensitive genie male fertility decreases from low latitude to high latitude, irrespective of the effect of temperature. No much difference of selection pressure on TGMS was detected among five sites except Shenyang, irrespective of the effect of daylength. Both selection pressures on male sterility under long-day/low temperatures and male fertility under short-day/high temperature are unsuitable under all sites. The breeding efficiency was analysed through the classification of 101 photo-thermosensitive genie male sterility rice lines identified during 1991-1994 based on their fertility responses to photoperiod and temperature. The significance of selection under multi-sites or under the controlled conditions on PGMS or TGMS lines suitable for practical utilization in a given environment was discussed.

关 键 词：光(温)敏不育系 光温生态 选择压 水稻 

分 类 号：S511.035.1[农业科学—作物学]