不同灌溉施肥方式的土壤硝态氮分布特性试验研究  

Experimental study on nitrate nitrogen distribution characteristics under different ways of irrigation

作　　者：贾丽华[1] 费良军[1] 程东娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,陕西西安710048 [2]河北工程大学,河北邯郸056021

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2008年第2期44-48,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：陕西省重点实验室重点科研项目(03JS041);国家自然科学基金项目(50579064);西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室访问学者基金项目;陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(03JK153)

摘　　要：通过大田测坑玉米种植试验研究,分析了常规畦灌和膜孔灌条件下农田土壤硝态氮的分布特性。结果表明：膜孔灌溉0-60 cm土层的硝态氮在作物的整个生育期变化较大,60 cm以下变化平缓,上下土层硝态氮含量差异相对较小。而常规畦灌在0-40 cm内变化较大,上下土层间硝态氮含量差异较大。两种灌溉方式,表层土壤的硝态氮含量在整个玉米生育期为双峰形式,以三叶期和抽穗期为最高。与常规畦灌相比,膜孔灌溉消除了硝态氮的表聚现象,土壤剖面硝态氮分布更趋合理,更加有利于作物的吸收利用。膜孔灌溉由于其覆膜作用,减轻了硝态氮的淋洗,提高了氮素的利用率。Through field experiment of maize growing, analysis is made of the soil nitrate nitrogen distribution characteristics under conventional border and film hole irrigation. The nitrate nitrogen change in 0N60 cm soil sections is obvious and the difference of nitrate nitrogen content between up and down section is relatively small during maize growing period under film hole irrigation. But under the conventional border irrigation it changes very sharply in 0 -- 40 cm soil sections and the difference of nitrate nitrogen content between up and down is very large. For two irrigations, the nitrate nitrogen content in up soil section appears two fronts （trefoil stage and ear sprouting stage）. Compared with the conventional border irrigation, film hole irrigation avoids the convergence of nitrate nitrogen in surface, so the nitrate nitrogen distribution in soil section is more reasonable and more favorable for the crop＇s up-taking of soil nitrogen. Because of the effect of film, film hole irrigation limits the ammonium nitrogen volatilizing and promotes the nitrogen utilization ratio.

关 键 词：常规畦灌 膜孔灌 硝态氮 分布特性 表聚现象 硝态氮淋洗 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S153[农业科学—农业工程]