纵向岭谷区澜沧江流域景观生态安全时空分异特征  

The temporal and spatial characteristic of landscape ecological security at Lancang River Watershed of longitudinal range gorge region in Southwest China

作　　者：王娟[1,2] 崔保山[1] 姚华荣[1,3] 刘世梁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875 [2]有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京100012 [3]长安大学地球科学与土地资源学院,西安710054

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第4期1681-1690,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2003CB415104)~~

摘　　要：以1985年、1995年和2000年纵向岭谷区的核心区-澜沧江流域的土地利用数据为基础,在GIS软件的支持下,以破碎度、分离度、优势度等景观格局指数和景观类型的脆弱度为评价指标研究澜沧江流域景观生态安全的时空分异特征。研究表明,在这16 a期间,景观结构变化导致景观生态安全指数在时空分异性较强,生态安全程度呈下降趋势,由于研究区特殊的地形、地貌特征,澜沧江流域的上、中、下游的生态安全指数分布形态及其下降幅度存在较大的差异,较低的生态安全指数(ES≤0.5)主要分布于该流域的下游呈东北-西南近"Y"形并沿江扩展,而较高的生态安全指数(ES≥0.6)主要分布于流域的中游呈东南-西北方向并沿江萎缩。人类的经济开发活动主要是在景观层次上进行,景观也是区域生态环境管理的基础单元之一,应用景观方法研究生态安全,揭示不同景观类型间的迁移转化特征并进一步识别区域生态环境的变化趋势及其内在因素,对区域生态建设和资源开发具有指导意义。Based on the land use data of the Lancang River watershed（ LRW）, the center of longitudinal range gorge region （LRGR） in 1985, 1995 and 2000, supported by GIS, and with the indexes of fragmentation, isolation and dominance,and of vulnerability of landscape types, it was analyzed that the temporal and spatial characteristic of landscape ecological security（LES） in LRW. The results showed that there were difference change trends for different landscape types in this region, the transformation from one landscape type to anther was very complex and that was mainly happened among farmland, woodland and grassland. It was found that the change of landscape structure can strongly influence the temporal and spatial distribution of ecological security index （ESI） under natural and human factors, which might result in the decreasing of the degree of ecological security （ES） during 16 years. The large difference on the distribution shapes of ESI and its annual decreasing rate were found among the upper, middle and down stream due to the especial terrain and physiognomy in LRW, i. e, the rate of ESI in down stream descend the fastest, then the middle stream, and its of upper stream changes slowly because of locating high altitude and disturbing weekly by human activities. The lower ESI （ES ≤ 0. 5 ） were mainly distributed in down stream with shape of ＂Y＂ in NE-SW and spread along the river. And the higher ESI （ES ≥0. 6） were mainly distributed in the middle stream with SE-NW direction and shrunk along the river. Human activities were mainly carried out on landscape level and landscape was also one of the basic units of the regional ecological environment management. Therefore by using the method of landscape to study on the ES, to discover the alteration character among different landscape types and then identify the change tendency and its inner factors of the regional ecoenvironment might be important for regional eco-construction and natural resource exploitation.

关 键 词：景观指标 生态安全 时空分异 澜沧江流域 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]