玛曲草地生态系统恢复成本条件价值评估  

Using CVM to estimate the restoring cost of Maqu grassland

作　　者：曹建军[1] 任正炜[1] 杨勇 杜国祯[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省民族研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第4期1872-1880,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学重大研究计划资助项目(90202009)~~

摘　　要：运用目前流行的能同时用于市场物品和非市场物品的条件价值评估法(CVM),对玛曲居民的草地恢复意愿进行了初步调查,并以他们的最大支付意愿(WTP)和最小受偿意愿(WTA)为依据,粗略推算了玛曲草地生态系统的年度恢复成本和总恢复成本。主要结论:①525户调查样本中,394户选择了出资恢复措施,占总样本的75.4%;131户选择了减少牲畜数量恢复措施,占总样本的24.6%。这一结果表明当地牧民仍然没有摆脱传统数量型畜牧业生产模式,牲畜出栏率低,造成草地持续退化。②如果玛曲草地恢复以10 a计,则总的恢复成本为3.52×108元,其中前4 a每年的恢复成本为0.85×108元,后6 a每年的恢复成本为0.021×108元。整个恢复成本中,补偿价值占94%,支付价值只占6%,说明玛曲草地生态系统的恢复要以加速超载牲畜的出栏和淘汰为主,切实减轻草地压力,实现自然修复。Understanding the economic value of grassland ecosystem restoration as well as how people perceive its role in providing service can provide insight into the grassland protection and the kinds of policies needed to ensure sustainable uses. We used WTP （ maximum willingness to pay for grassland restoration） and WTA （ minimum willingness to accept for overloading livestock in grassland） in one questionnaire and Anchored Payment Card （APC） as their eliciting tools to estimate the restoration cost of Maqu grassland, which is one of the important parts in Tibetan Plateau ecosystems. The main results are： ①In 525 families, about 75% （394 families） selected the WTP approach and only 24.6% （ 131 families） selected the WTA approach. For local people, the reference is that most of them judge the rich or the poor just by the number of livestock that family has. Holding on this traditional opinion, people seldom sell the livestock and wait until they become old enough, which leading to the number of livestock increasing continuously and giving raise to the grassland degradation. ② If we assumed that the restoration of Maqu grassland ecosystem needs 10 years and divided the restoring period into two stages, then the former 4 years cost was 3.4 × 10^8RMB, the average cost was 0. 85× 108RMB per year. While the whole cost of latter 6 years was 0. 126×10^8RMB,average cost was 0. 021 ×10^8RMB per year. Within the total cost, the payment value （WTP） was onlv about 6 % , the compensated value （WTA） was 94%. These suggested that the restoration of Maqu Grassland should mainly adopt the measurement of accelerating the superfluous livestock out of the Grassland. Then the pressure of Grassland can be mitigated, and its natural resilience could be achieved. The result also shows that the method of the combined WTP and WTA in one CV （Contingent Valuation） survey is very useful in estimating the cost of environmental improvement projects.

关 键 词：条件价值评估(CVM) 恢复成本 支付意愿(WTP) 补偿意愿(WTA) 支付卡方式(APC) 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] S812[农业科学—草业科学]