新疆石河子农耕区鸟类群落及生存制约因子研究  

Community Diversity of Birds and the Factors Limited the Survival in Shihezi Cultivation Areas in Xinjiang

作　　者：范喜顺[1] 蒋晓银[1] 邱坤[1] 闫安[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第1期49-55,共7页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAC17B03)

摘　　要：按照农作物、林木种类差异,在新疆石河子垦区农耕区选择16块不同生境的固定样地,采用固定宽度样带法,对不同类型生境中鸟类种类组成、区系特征、分布系数、重要性值、群落多样性等特征进行了研究。共观察到鸟类57种,隶属于12目、26科,其中古北界鸟类37种,占鸟类区系的64.9%。家燕(Hirundo rustica)、树麻雀(Passermontanus)、白白脊令鸟(Motacilla alba)、荒漠伯劳(Lanius isabellinus)、大山雀(Parus major)、灰蓝山雀(Parus cyanus)的种群密度、分布系数和重要性值最高,为垦区优势鸟类种群。沙地-棉田过渡带的Shannon-Wiener指数最高,为1.913;水库的G-F多样性指数最高,为0.77。通过聚类分析,可将垦区农耕区鸟类划分为水域鸟类群落和农田鸟类群落。农耕区鸟类生存的主要制约因子是农林作物种植品种单一、植被空间层次差、人为干扰严重等,增加植被空间异质性是提高农耕区鸟类群落多样性的有效措施。Sixteen fixed plots were selected in Shihezi cultivation region in Xingjiang according to different crops and woodlands. The characteristics of species constitution, faunas, distribution coefficient, important value and community diversity of birds were studied by using fixed width transects. The results showned that there were 57 species which belonging to 12 orders, 26 families. Among them, there were 37 Palaearctic realm birds（64.9% ）. The population＇density, distribution coefficient and important value of barn swallow, tree sparrow, white wagtail, rufous-tailed shrike, great tit, azure tit were relatively higher than other birds species and they were dominant species in Shihezi cultivation region. The Shannonwiener index of sand-cotton field transitional area was the highest（1.913） and the G-F diversity index of reservoir was the highest（0.77）. Through cluster method, bird community might be divided into water birds community and farmland birds community. The main restricting factors for influencing birds survival were the homogeneity of crops and woodlands, the poor delamination of vegetation and the serious human interference. The effective measure to increase birds community diversity was to enhance spatial heterogeneity of vegetation.

关 键 词：石河子 农耕区 鸟类群落 多样性指数 制约因子 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]