太极拳运动中下肢肌肉收缩特征研究  

Muscle contraction characteristics of the lower extremities during Tai Chi exercise

作　　者：于宁[1] 毛德伟[2,3] 洪友廉[3] 

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学,山东济南250101 [2]山东省体育科研中心,山东济南250002 [3]香港中文大学,中国新界

出　　处：《山东体育学院学报》2008年第1期40-44,共5页Journal of Shandong Sport University

摘　　要：采集了16名经验丰富的太极拳练习者上步、退步、侧步、蹬腿和中定5种典型的太极步中下肢股直肌、半腱半膜肌、腓肠肌和胫骨前肌的肌电信号(EMG)。分析了肌肉的收缩幅度(Amplitude)、收缩强度(Integrated EMG)和收缩持续时间(Onset duration)。结果表明,不同太极动作肌肉振幅各不相同,肌肉收缩强度和持续时间也明显不同。统计学分析显示,5种典型动作肌肉收缩强度差异为:股直肌(F=229.9,P=0.00),半腱半膜肌(F=190.8,P=0.00),腓肠肌(F=263.5,P=0.00),胫骨前肌(F=235.6,P=0.00)。肌肉收缩持续时间差异为:股直肌(F=519.3,P=0.00),半腱半膜肌(F=585.5,P=0.00),腓肠肌(F=844.5,P=0.00),胫骨前肌(F=868.1,P=0.00)。研究认为,太极拳练习中下肢肌肉的离心、向心和等长收缩方式,结合不同的肌肉收缩负荷和肌肉收缩持续时间有助于提高肌肉的协调性、肌肉力量和肌肉控制能力。The objective of this study is to examine the muscle contraction characteristics of the lower extremities during Tai Chi exercise and to explain the beneficial effect of Tai Chi on the improvement of muscle strength. Sixteen experienced Tai Chi practitioners participated in this study. Five typical Tai Chi movements represented by stepping forward, backward, sideways, updown and fixing were selected. The electromyographic activities of the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and anterior tibialis muscles were recorded during the performance of five typical Tai Chi movements. The muscle contraction in terms of contraction amplitude, integrated electromyography, and onset contraction duration were calculated and analyzed. Results showed that muscle contraction amplitudes were varied in different Tai Chi movements. For integrated electromyography, the muscle contraction of rectus femoris （F = 229.9, P = 0.00）, semitendinosus （F = 190.8, P = 0.00）, gastrocnemius （F = 263.5, P = 0.00）, and anterior tibialis （F = 235.6, P = 0.00）, while for onset duration, the muscles contraction of rectus femoris （F = 519.3, P = 0.00）, semitendinosus （F = 585.5, P = 0.00）, gastrocnemius （F = 844.5, P = 0.00）, and anterior tibialis （F= 868.1, P = 0.00） were significantly different when compared among five typical Tai Chi movements. It is speculated that the muscular contraction strategies, which required eccentric, concentric, and isometric muscle contractions, and combined with varied muscle loadings and contraction duration involved in Tai Chi may contribute to the muscle contraction coordination, muscle force fluctuation and muscle strength improvement.

关 键 词：太极拳 肌电 肌肉力量 

分 类 号：G852.11[文化科学—民族体育] G804.63[文化科学—体育学]