我国甘薯脱毒研究的现状及展望  

Status and Prospects of Sweetpotato Viruses Elimination in China

作　　者：宋伯符 王胜武[1,2,3,4,5,6] 谢开云 杨永嘉 杨崇良[1,2,3,4,5,6] 张鹤龄[1,2,3,4,5,6] 李汝刚[1,2,3,4,5,6] 邢继英[1,2,3,4,5,6] 邬景禹[1,2,3,4,5,6] 郭小丁[1,2,3,4,5,6] 孟清[1,2,3,4,5,6] 张立明[1,2,3,4,5,6] 

机构地区：[1]国际马铃薯中心驻京办事处 [2]江苏徐州甘薯研究中心 [3]山东省农业科学院植保所 [4]内蒙古大学生物系 [5]中国农业科学院生物技术中心 [6]山东省农业科学院作物所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1997年第6期43-48,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：概述了我国甘薯脱毒有关研究的现状并展望了这一领域未来的发展趋势。调查表明我国大多数甘薯田块植株的病毒感染率达６０％～７０％，有的甚至达到９０％。徐州甘薯研究中心保存的甘薯资源材料有８０％受病毒感染。叶片带斑点和花叶是甘薯病毒病的主要病症，其次为卷叶和皱叶，再次为老叶羽状花叶锈斑和环斑。引起病毒病的病原主要是甘薯羽状斑驳病毒、甘薯潜隐病毒和褪绿斑驳病毒。１９９１～１９９５年５省５５个试验点的试验结果表明，脱毒甘薯的增产效果年平均为３５．２２％，脱毒甘薯通常在生产中可使用２～３年，脱毒甘薯对黑斑病和黑痣病也有防治效果。脱毒甘薯在中国的推广面积１９９５年已达９万ｈｍ２，并期望在近年内有很大的发展。脱毒薯的利用结合育成新品种的推广将会达到更好的效果；而抗病毒品种的选育则是解决病毒问题的根本途径。Surveys showed that the infection rate of sweetpotato with virus diseases was 60%～70% in most fields, and as high as 90% in worse cases. 80% of the germplasm accessions maintained at Xuzhou Sweetpotato Center were infected with virus diseases. Spot and mosaic on the leaf surface were the most common symptoms of virus diseases in sweetpotato, followed by leaf curl, leaf wrinkle, and to a less significance, russet feathery mosaic and ring spots on the old leaves. The responsible pathogens were identified to be mainly sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), sweetpotato latent virus (SPLV) and chlorotic mottle virus (CMV). The yearly yield increase by using virusfree sweetpotato averaged 35.22% based on trials conducted in 55 locations across 5 provinces during 1991～1995. Virusfree varieties can be used for 2～3 years before reinfection brings about the yield gain close to nil. Virusfree sweetpotato also increased the resistance to black spot and tar spot. The areas grown with virusfree sweetpotato were 90000 hectares in China in 1995, and a big increase in the coming few years. It is expected that greater effect can be realized by extending of newlydeveloped varieties. Development of virusresistant varieties is proposed to be a fundamental solution to virus problem. 

关 键 词：甘薯 病毒病 无毒种薯 增产 再侵染 

分 类 号：S531.034[农业科学—作物学]