云南热区11种人工林林地土壤肥力变化状态的研究  

Soil Fertility Change of 11 Kinds of Plantations in Tropical Yunnan

作　　者：曾芳群[1] 蒋云东[1] 杨绍增[1] 王达明[1] 周凤林[1] 唐社云[1] 陈满明[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省林业科学院,云南昆明650204

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2008年第1期7-14,共8页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南省应用基础自然基金研究项目(应基92C071)

摘　　要：对生长于云南西双版纳普文热区的11种人工林及分布于当地的山地雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、次生林3种天然林(作为对照)林地土壤所进行的连续3年监测结果表明,不同林分类型林地土壤的养分含量、土壤交换性能、土壤物理性状、土壤温度动态变化均有显著差异,其中马尖相思人工纯林林地土壤的有机质、全氮、有效氮含量均高于天然林,而高阿丁枫与马尖相思人工混交林、高阿丁枫与西南桦人工混交林,高阿丁枫人工纯林则低于天然林。表明前者可明显提高林地土壤的肥力,而后者则导致林地土壤的肥力下降。另外,营建山桂花人工纯林、西南桦与山桂花人工混交林可明显增加林地土壤的交换性盐基总量,提高盐基饱和度,降低水解性总酸度、提高土壤pH(H2O)值,而高阿丁枫与西南桦人工混交林、高阿丁枫纯林则相反,表明后者有导致土壤酸化的趋势。林地土壤物理性状较理想的人工林系山桂花人工纯林、西南桦与山桂花人工混交林、高阿丁枫与马尖相思人工混交林、西南桦与马尖相思人工混交林。揭示出,为防止林地土壤的肥力退化,在11种人工林中除高阿丁枫纯林、高阿丁枫与马尖相思及与西南桦混交林3种外,其余的人工林类型都较适宜于在云南热区经营。Taking the mountain rain forest, monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest and secondary forest as the control, the soil fertility of 11 kinds of plantations in Puwen of Xishuangbanna in tropical Yunnan was studied. The results showed that the contents of soil nutrients, soil exchangeable base cations, soil physical properties and soil temperature varied with different kinds of plantations significantly. The contents of organic matter, total N and available N in the soil of Acacia mangium were higher than those in natural forests, whereas that in mixed planting stand of Altingia excelsa and Acacia mangium, Altingia excelsa and Betula alnoides, and Altingia excelsa pure stand were low than natural forests. The results implied that Acacia mangium plantation was good for increasing the soil fertility. In the pure plantation of Paramichelia baillonii and the mixed planting of B. alnoides with P. baillonii, both the soil exchangeable base cations and the basic cation concentrations were increased, the total hydrolytic acidity was decreased. However, the mixed planting of Altingia excelsa and B. alnoides, and Altingia excelsa pure stand showed the contrary results, which implied acidifying potential of these two kinds of plantations. As far as the soil physical properties were concerned, P. baillonii plantation, mixed planting of B. alnoides with P. baillonii, mixed planting of Altingia excelsa and Acacia mangium, mixed planting of B. alnoides and Acacia mangium had promising effect. From the study results, it could be concluded that considering from the soil fertility, besides Altingia excelsa pure stand, mixed planting of Altingia excelsa and Acacia mangium, and mixed planting of Altingia excelsa and B. alnoides, other kinds of plantations were all plantation types could be adopted.

关 键 词：云南热区 人工林 林地土壤肥力 变化状态 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]