元江自然保护区半湿润常绿阔叶林的群落学及种子植物区系特征  

Community Characteristics and Flora of Semi-humid Evergreen Broadleaved Forest in Yuanjiang Nature Reserve

作　　者：李帅锋[1] 杜凡[1] 王娟[1] 杨宇明[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2008年第1期57-63,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2003CB415102);元江自然保护区综合科学考察项目共同资助

摘　　要：在元江自然保护区所保留的半湿润常绿阔叶林内，经作样地调查，共记录到种子植物56科，115属，194种，蕨类植物13科，17属，20种；其半湿润常绿阔叶林的空间层次分明，可分为乔木上层、乔木下层、灌木层、草本层和层外植物，表明在哀牢山海拔高度1900～2200m的地带，仍保存着较完整的半湿润常绿阔叶林植被类型。对其种子植物区系特征的分析表明，该植被类型热带性质的属要多于温带性质的属；而在种的结构上，只有热带亚洲成分、东亚-喜马拉雅成分及中国特有成分能够贯穿于各层次之中；其区系成分以东亚-喜马拉雅和中国特有成分占优势，同时热带亚洲成分也占有相当的比例，说明在其种子植物区系上具有由亚热带向温带过渡的性质；而从中国种子植物特有种作进一步分析，则表明其在种子植物区系上具有过渡性质。与澜沧江自然保护区的半湿润常绿阔叶林相比较，澜沧江以硬斗石栎和木果石栎为主要优势种，而元江自然保护区的半湿润常绿阔叶林则以元江栲和短柄石栎为主要优势种，且分布的海拔高度偏低；与邻近的无量山自然保护区，海拔高度相近的同类半湿润常绿阔叶林相比，其主要优势种相同，说明两地的半湿性常绿阔叶林具有同源性。A Survey was conducted to study the community characteristics and flora of semi-humid evergreen broadleaved forest in Yuanjiang Nature Reserve. Fifty-six families, 115 genera and 194 species of spermatophyte, 13 families, 17 genera and 20 species of pteridophytes were recorded in the forest. The space structure of community is clear which can be divided into up and down of tree layer, shrub layer, herbaceous layer and outside layer. Composition and community structure of superior tree species may indicate that there is relatively typical semi-humid evergreen broadleaved forest within the altitude range of 1 900 -2 200 m in Ailao Mountain. The tropical flora is more than the number of temperate flora. As far as the community structure is concerned, only the tropical Asian ingredients, China-Himalayas and unique Chinese ingredients permeate all levels. The main elements are China-Himalayas and China dominated unique composition, tropical Asian components has a significant percentage, which indicate that the flora of semi-humid evergreen broadleaved forest in Yuanjiang Nature Reserve is the transition from subtropical to temperate. Further analysis on China unique composition also verified the transition characteristics.Comparing with Lancang River Nature Reserve, the dominant species in Lancang River Nature Reserve are Litho-carpus xylocarpus and Lithocarpus hancei, whereas the dominant species of Yuanjiang Nature Reserve are Litho- carpus fenestratus var. brachycarpus and Lithocarpus echinophorus. Yuanjiang Nature Reserve and Wuliang mountain nearby share similar communities and dominant species, which implied the semi-humid evergreen broadleaved forest in Ailao mountain and Wuliang mountain has common homology.

关 键 词：元江自然保护区 半湿润常绿阔叶林 群落学特征 种子植物区系特征 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]