铝土矿预脱硅研究进展  

Review of Silicon Pre-release from Bauxites

作　　者：孙德四[1] 钟婵鹃[1] 肖国光[1] 

机构地区：[1]九江学院应用化学研究所,江西九江332005

出　　处：《江西科学》2008年第2期256-262,共7页Jiangxi Science

基　　金：江西省教育厅科技项目(赣教技字[2007]337号)

摘　　要：目前铝土矿预脱硅的主要方法有化学方法、生物方法和物理方法。化学方法主要是使铝土矿中的铝硅酸盐矿物在高温条件下发生脱羟基反应。化学选矿脱硅脱除的是非晶态的S iO2,而矿石中原来存在的a-S iO2是不会脱除的。生物方法是指利用硅酸盐细菌能够溶解铝硅酸盐矿物的特性,将铝土矿中的硅脱除,文中也阐述了作者近几年在这方面取得的成果,表明生物脱硅有其独特的优势和良好的发展前景,是其它方法不能比拟的。物理方法有正浮选和反浮选2种,利用高选择性阳离子捕收剂浮选脱硅是当今选矿工作者研究的主要方向。阳离子捕收剂是根据矿物粉碎难易程度的不同,以及铝硅酸盐矿物颗粒与铝土矿颗粒可浮性的差异,有选择性地将铝硅酸盐矿物从铝土矿中分离除去。同时对各种方法的优缺点进行了分析比较。This paper reviewed main means of silicon pre - release from bauxites which involved chemical methods, biological ways and physical methods. Chemical methods are used to make the aluminosilicates containing in bauxites react chemically in the high temperature with hydroxyl groups lost, which only makes non - crystal silicon be released but does not make a - SiO2 be removed from bauxites. The biological ways are to make use of characteristics of some microorganisms such as silicate bacteria that can dissolve aluminosilicates, and then the silicon may be removed from bauxite. This paper stressed author＇ s achievements in silicon release from bauxites with bio - leaching ways. The results showed that biological ways had much more advantages over other ways and effective developing prospects. While the physical methods mainly including forward flotation and reverse flotation are to separate alumina - silicates from bauxites with selectivity by means of flotation based on the difference of minerals comminuting difficulty as well as the difference of float abilities between a- lumina- silicate particles and bauxite particles. The current developments of physical ways are to synthesize high selective cationic collectors. The advantages and disc advantages of every method have been compared with each another.

关 键 词：铝土矿 预脱硅 化学方法 生物方法 物理方法 正浮选 反浮选 

分 类 号：TD91[矿业工程—选矿] TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]