似刺鳊鮈的胚胎及胚后发育  

Embryonic and post-embryonic development of Paracanthobrama guichenoti

作　　者：顾若波[1] 徐钢春[1] 闻海波[2] 李晓莉[1] 华丹[2] 曾令兵[1] 张守领[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水生态与健康养殖重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,湖北荆州434000 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第3期414-424,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2007JBFB03);中国水产科学研究院淡水生态与健康养殖重点开放实验室开放课题项目(2007FEA0203);无锡市农业指导性计划项目(CSZ00601)

摘　　要：采用体视显微镜成像系统对似刺鳊鲍（Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker）的胚胎发育全过程进行连续观察，研究其胚胎正常发育特征，并继续对胚后期的仔、稚、幼鱼发育阶段采用测量、照相等方法进行形态学与生态学研究。结果显示，似刺鳊鮈受精卵旱卵蚓形，卵膜径为（3．43±0．05）mm。根据胚胎的外形与内部主要特征，胚胎发育分为7个生理阶段、31个具体发育时期，在水温（20±1）℃下，历时95h 08min完成整个胚胎发育过程；胚后发育主要根据卵黄囊、鳞片、体色的变化分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期，仔鱼期根据卵黄囊的有无又分为早期仔鱼和晚期仔鱼。初孵仔鱼平均全长7．25mm；在水温（20±1）℃下，出膜后7d，卵黄囊吸收完毕；在水温20～25℃下，继续培育至35日龄，仔鱼鳃盖后缘及前端侧线附近有少量鳞片状突起，标志似刺鳊鮈结束仔鱼期进入稚鱼期，此时鱼苗平均全长3．12cm；培育至68日龄，仔鱼身上鳞片基本长出，腹膜闭合，身体透明这一特征消失，似剌鳊鮈完成变态成为幼鱼，此时平均全长达8．70cm，其外部形态和生态习性均与成鱼相似。本研究对似刺鳊鮈资源的保存及生产性育苗工艺的建立均具有非常重要的意义。[中国水产科学，2008，15（3）：414-424]Nowadays, the population of Paracanthobrama guichenoti in Taihu Lake has drastically declined due to environmental change, habitat degradation, over-harvesting and other anthropogenic factors. Propagation and culture of the species have been recommended as strategies to enhence existing populations.The goal of this study is to determine the process of embryo and post-embryo development of Paracanthobrama guichenoti and its morphological and ecological traits at each stage. Stereomicroscope imaging system was used to observe the embryo development of the species.The results showed that fertilized eggs of Paracanthobrama guichenoti are oval in shape with a diameter of （3.43 ± 0.05）mm.The process of embryo development can be categorized into 7 physiological stages with 31 periods. The embryo development lasted for 95 h 08 min when the water temperature is around （20-±1）℃ . The post embryo development can be grouped as larva, juvenile and young stages based on varying in presence of yolk-sac, scale and body color. Furthermore, the larva stage is classified into early and late stages based on presence of yolk-sac. The newly-hatched larva reached 7.25 mm in total length. The yolk- sac disappeared after 7 days when water temperature was around （20±1） ℃ . Moreover, a few number of the squama occurred at the posterior edges of operculum and front sidetracks after 35 d when the water temperature ranged from 20～25 ℃. This appearance indicated that Paracanthobrama guichenoti shifted life stage from larva to juvenile stage. Juveniles reached length of 3.12 cm at this stage. Juveniles sequentially developed, resulted in growing out scales, completing development of peritoneum and metamorphosizing to young fish after 68 days. Young fish reached 8.70 cm in length at this stage. This study is significantly important in conservation and seed breeding of Paracanthobrama guichenoti. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15 （3） ： 414-424]

关 键 词：似刺鳊鮈 胚胎发育 仔鱼 稚鱼 幼鱼 

分 类 号：S965.223[农业科学—水产养殖]