基于Ecopath模型的北部湾生态系统结构和功能  

Structure and function of Beibu Gulf ecosystem based on Ecopath model

作　　者：陈作志[1,2] 邱永松[1] 贾晓平[1] 黄梓荣[1] 王跃中[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 [2]上海水产大学海洋学院,上海200090

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第3期460-468,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助(2007YD02);农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室开放基金资助(2006-3);农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室资助(实开2005-04)

摘　　要：利用Ecopath with Ecosim（EwE）5．1软件构建了北部湾海洋生态系统1960s（1959～1961）和1990s（1997～1999）2个时期的Ecopath模型，比较和分析了渔业资源衰退前后北部湾生态系统的结构和功能的变化，并进一步根据Odum＇S生态系统发展理论，评价了当前北部湾生态系统的健康状况。该模型包含渔业、海洋哺乳动物、海鸟、中上层鱼类、底层鱼类、底栖无脊椎动物以及浮游动物、浮游植物和碎屑等20个功能组。结果表明，20世纪60年代系统中营养级Ⅳ、Ⅴ的生物量高于90年代，尤其是营养级V的生物量是90年代的32倍多；而90年代的Ⅰ和Ⅱ的生物量较高，表明系统中群落结构组成逐步从k选择性占优势转向，选择性为主。同时生态系统的能量转化效率不断提高，从1960s的7．0％上升到1990s的9．8％。从1960s到1990s间，系统的净生产力、初级生产力／总呼吸不断增加，而连接指数（CI）、杂食指数（OI）、总生物量／总流量、Finn＇S循环指数则显著下降，综合表明目前该生态系统总体特衙在人类活动和自然环境的扰动下由“成熟态”向“幼态”发展，生态系统发育的过程中产生了逆行演替。[中国水产科学，2008，15（3）：460-468]The Beibu Gulf, located at 17°00＇～21°45＇N, 105°40＇～ 110°10＇E and surrounded by China and Vietnam, is a natural semi-closed sea area in the South China Sea. In this study, we constructed two period ecosystem models of the Beibu Gulf before and after the collapse of fisheries resources in early 1960s and late 1990s using Ecopath with Ecosim software. Based on two models, we analyzed and compared the differences in ecosystem structure and function. Furthermore, we evaluated the current status of the Beibu Gulf ecosystem based on the E.P. Odum＇s theory of ecosystem development. The model encompasses fishery, marine mammals, sea-birds, sharks, pelagic fishes, demersal fishes, benthic crustaceans and other ecologically important groups such as zooplankton, phytoplankton, and detritus. Input information for the model was gathered from published and unpublished reports and our own estimates. The results indicated that biomass and catches of high trophic levels of the system have changed drastically between 1960s and 1990s, especially for trophic level V ; the biomass of 1960s was 32 times more than that of 1960s, however, the biomass of levels I and II in 1990s was much higher than those in 1960s. This reflects that the community structure has changed from k-selected to r-selected, and the system energy transfer production increases form 7.0% in 1960s to 9.8% in 1990s also. According to the summary statistics, the parameters of net system production and TPP/TR increased. However, the CI, SOI TB/T, and Finn＇s indexes decreased from 1960s to 1990s. In conclusion, the Beibu Gulf ecosystem seems to have reversed succession through various anthropogenic and physical changes over the past four decades, and have the trend from maturity stage to immaturity stage. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15 （3） ： 460-468]

关 键 词：结构和功能 北部湾 生态通道模型(Ecopath) 生态系统特征 

分 类 号：S931.4[农业科学—渔业资源]