明槽非恒流矩形薄壁堰流量公式的研究  

Calibration of Unsteady Flow Over the Rectangular Sharp Crested Thin Weir

作　　者：李永祥[1] 李春华[1] 刘沛清[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学

出　　处：《水力发电学报》1997年第2期41-49,共9页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：一般在水流试验槽的末端设置量水堰，在河流中则设置水文站，用以率定恒定流的水位Ｈ和流量Ｑ０之间的关系。但在非恒流下，这种关系形成绳套，必须另加变量起涨水位Ｈ′０，和水位Ｈ随时程ｔ和流程ｘ的偏导数Ｈｔ和Ｈｘ，即Ｑ＝Ｑ（Ｈ′０，Ｈ，Ｈｔ，Ｈｘ），才能得出合理的关系。当今对非恒流挪用恒定流Ｑ０＝Ｑ（Ｈ）的关系是不合理的。本项研究对非恒流通过矩形薄壁堰三种堰高Ｐ分别实验，各得出满意的拟合结果。并制定出了非恒流矩形簿壁堰的流量公式，用数值计算成果和实验资料校核验证了公式的正确性，以补充当今水力学手册之不足。本试验设备获清华大学实验技术成果三等奖。In order to find the relation between discharge Q and stage H of steady flow, it is necessary to establish a weir at end of the testing flume or hydrologic station in a section of the river. For unsteady flow, however, the steady H-Q curve is changed to the form of a rope sheath around it, in which discharge depends upon the starting raising stage H 0 and the partial differentials Ht,Hx, in addition to the recorded stage H, i.e., Q=Q(H 0,H,Ht, Hx). At present, employing the steady flow relation Q=Q(H) for unsteady condition is, of coures, fallacious. In the present research for unsteady flow, a rectangular sharp crested weir is used with three weir heights P separately, all with satisfactory results.

关 键 词：明槽 非恒定流 矩形 薄壁堰 流量公式 堰流 

分 类 号：TV131.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV133.2