深圳市1980-2005年河网变化对水灾的影响  

Influence of river Network change in 1980-2005 on flood hazard in Shenzhen City,China

作　　者：周洪建[1] 王静爱[1] 史培军[2] 潘东华[3] 高路[3] 贾慧聪[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室 [3]北京师范大学区域地理研究重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2008年第1期97-103,共7页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(40425008);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40671003)

摘　　要：深圳近30年来的快速城市化使河流水系发生了较大变化,从而对城市水灾致灾-成灾机制产生影响,水灾发生频次增加。在地形图、河道普查数据、航空相片和遥感影像等多源数据支持下,探讨了深圳市1980-2005年河网水系的时空变化规律及其成因。结果表明:(1)近30年来河网水系结构简单化、主干化趋势明显,总长度减少355.4 km,总条数减少378条,河网密度从0.84 km/km2降低到0.65 km/km2,河网支流发展受到了较大的限制;流域所处位置和是否为直接入海,导致各流域河网变化特征出现较大差异。(2)河网水系在一定程度上"放大"或"缩小"了水灾致灾的可能性,因此在目前城市化带来的暴雨产水量增加的情况下,城市发展中应充分尊重自然河网的时空分布规律,合理规划河网,保障其生态服务功能,使之成为快速城市化地区降低水灾风险的有效措施。研究结果为不同区域恢复河网水系及定量表达其变化特征提供了方法上的借鉴和实证案例,亦可为城市化过程中合理规划河网水系,最大限度规避水灾风险提供依据。Shenzhen is one of the special economic zones in China. It has developed rapidly from rural land to an industrial city since the mid-1980s. With the process of urbanization, flood has become a threat to the security of the city area. Based on relief map data and rivers general investigation data for Shenzhen region, the spatiotemporal change of fiver network system in the region and its cause were studied. The result shows that： （ 1 ） the river net- work structure reflects the trends from comprehension to simplicity. The toal length of rivers shortened 355.4 km, accounting for 17% , and the river numbers decreased 378, accounting for 44%. The growth stricted severely. Both the location of the sub-drainage basin and whether the river is flowing of branches was reinto the sea directly were main reasons that resulted in the differences of the river network change among all 9 sub-basins. （2） The river network could “magnify” or “dwindle” the probability of the flood cause. Admitting natural spatiotemporal distribution rule of river network, planning for the river net reasonably and ensuring the ecological service functions of river network were the efficient measures to reduce the disaster in the rapid urbanization regions. The paper provide a method to recover the river network in different periods and an empirical case to quantitativly express the impacts of rapid urbanization on the river network change and it also can give reference to river network planning in the urbanization process and the regional urban flood disaster reduction.

关 键 词：河网水系 城市化 水灾 深圳 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TV82[水利工程—水利水电工程]