四川梅花鹿发情期的几种发声行为  

Vocalization behaviour of Sichuan sika deer (Cervur nippon sichuanicus) during rut

作　　者：宁继祖[1] 郭延蜀[1] 郑慧珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,南充637002 [2]西华师范大学图书馆,南充637002

出　　处：《兽类学报》2008年第2期187-193,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：四川省重点学科重点资助项目(SZD0420)

摘　　要：2006年9～11月在四川省若尔盖县铁布自然保护区,对四川梅花鹿发情期的声行为进行了初步观测,结果表明:在发情期,四川梅花鹿的发声行为可分为雌、雄鹿的报警叫声,雄鹿的吼叫声和求偶叫声。雌鹿的报警叫声持续时间257～539ms,频率范围1409.5～4474.6Hz,主频率3534.8±89.12Hz;雄鹿的报警叫声持续时间136～187ms,频率范围271.8～3910.5Hz,主频率3244.3±79.32Hz;两者在持续时间、最低频率、最高频率上差异极显著(P<0.01),在间隔时间上差异不显著(P=0.624)。吼叫是雄鹿的主要发情行为之一。雄鹿每次吼叫1声,持续时间1580～4972ms,频率范围234.6～6171.4Hz,主频率2264.6±166.44Hz。雄鹿吼叫声的主频率存在显著的个体差异(P<0.01)。在整个吼叫过程中,一只雄鹿的吼叫常会引起周围其它雄鹿的吼叫反应。雄鹿每日吼叫的次数与其在繁殖群中的等级序列有关,不同序列等级雄鹿的吼叫频次存在显著差异(P<0.01)。雄鹿的吼叫声在白天和夜晚均能听到,但主要发生在06:00～08:00、17:00～19:00和01:00～03:00三个时间段。四川梅花鹿雄鹿的求偶叫声有4种,其生物学意义与发情炫耀、追逐、激惹和爬跨等行为有关。We studied vocal behavior of Sichuan sika deer （ Cervus nippon sichuanicus ） in Tiebu Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, from 20 September to the 15 November 2006. We documented three types of calls ; alarm call （ in both sexes） , roaring （males only） and rutting call （males only）. Alarm calls of males had durations of 136 to 187 ms, a frequency range of 271.8 -3910.5 Hz, and the principal frequency was 3244. 3 ±79. 32 Hz. Alarm calls of females had durations of 257 to 539 ms, a frequency range of 1409.5 -4474. 6 Hz, and the principal frequency was 3534. 8 ± 89. 12 Hz. Duration, minimum frequency, and maximum frequency of male and female alarm calls differed （P 〈0.01）. but intervals between alarm calls did not （P =0. 624）. Roars varied in duration from 1580 to 4972 ms, in frequency form 234. 6 to 6171.4 Hz, and the principal frequency was 2264. 6 ±166.44 Hz. The principal frequency of roar differed among males （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. During a roaring bout, the roar of one stag often aroused an oppositional roar of another stag. Frequency of the roaring was correlated with social rank-classes （ primary males, secondary males and single males ; P 〈 0. 01 ）. Roaring was documented at all times of day, but peaks of roaring bouts occurred during 06：00 - 08：00,17：00 - 19：00, and 01：00 - 03：00. We identified four types of rutting calls among stags, associated with displaying, pursuing females, mounting females, and being aroused by females.

关 键 词：四川梅花鹿 发声行为 发情期 铁布自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]