印楝种仁粗提物对植物病原菌的抑制作用研究  

Study on Inhibitory Effects of Crude Extracts from Azadirachta indica Kernel on Several Plant Pathogens

作　　者：林靖凌[1] 蔡春茂[1] 彭黎旭[2] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学环植学院,海南儋州573717 [2]中国热带农业科学院分析测试中心,海南海口571101

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2008年第11期4566-4567,共2页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院资助项目(RKY0703);国家支撑计划资助项目(2007BAD48B02)

摘　　要：[目的]研究无公害生物农药的抑菌效果。[方法]通过室内毒力测定,比较印楝种仁的常规溶剂萃取物和超临界CO2萃取物对供试的8种病原菌的抑制作用。[结果]印楝常规溶剂萃取物和超临界CO2萃取物对8种病原菌均有良好的抑制作用,尤其对辣椒疫霉、茄子枯萎、番木瓜炭疽、西瓜蔓枯、香蕉黑星作用明显,其中超临界CO2萃取物抑菌效果比常规溶剂萃取物好,具有萃取时间较短,活性较高,对中、低分子量和非极性化合物有较强的亲和力等特点,但萃取率较常规溶剂低,提取时所耗的原材料多。[结论]印楝种仁超临界CO2萃取物对植物病原菌抑制效果较好,但在实际应用中要根据生产效益来选择适合的萃取物。[Objective] The research aimed to study the inhibitory effects of harmless bin-pesticides. [Method] The inhibitory effects of two extracts, common solvent extract and supercritical carbon dioxide extract from A. indica kernel, on 8 tested plant pathogens through laboratory toxicity test. [Result] Two extracts had significant effects on 8 plant pathogens, especially on Phytophthora copsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum papayae, Didymella bryoniae and Phyllosticta musarum. The inhibitory effect of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts was relatively better. It had some good characters, such as shorter time for extraction, higher activity, stronger appetency for the compound with middle and low molecular weight and nonpolarity. But it had lower extractability than the common solvent extract and need more raw materials during extraction. [Conclusion] The supercritical carbon dioxide extracts from A. indica kernel had better inhibitory effect on plant pathogens, but the proper extracts should be chosen on the basis of production efficiency in practical application.

关 键 词：印楝 粗提物 超临界CO2 萃取 抑菌作用 

分 类 号：S481.9[农业科学—农药学]