青藏高原赭红尾鸲的繁殖  

Breeding of the black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris in the Southeastern Qingzang (Qinghai-Tibetan) Plateau

作　　者：穆红燕[1] 刘发[1] 杨萌[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《动物学报》2008年第2期201-208,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(No.30170138)~~

摘　　要：在青藏高原东南缘,海拔高度3470m的尕海-则岔国家级自然保护区尕海保护站,研究了赭红尾鸲普通亚种(Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris)的繁殖。目的是检验高海拔鸟类的雏鸟是否发育更快和产小窝大卵、是否有更高的离巢率。赭红尾鸲营巢洞中,平均窝卵数4.8(3-6)枚,卵的大小23.33mm×14.95mm,同低海拔的相近种比较产小窝大卵。孵卵由雌鸟承担,孵卵期13-14d,孵化率64.5%。雏鸟留巢期16d-19d,巢成功率81.3%,雏鸟离巢率83.33%。高海拔红尾鸲产小窝大卵和加强双亲抚育,但高海拔红尾鸲并没有显著提高雏鸟离巢率。高海拔红尾鸲低温下增加双亲对雏鸟的抚育并没有使雏鸟发育加快,反而较低海拔近缘种的幼鸟发育缓慢。因此,延长留巢期不只是Badyaev和Ghalambor(2001)所认为增加雏鸟的质量,而是缺氧和低温协同作用的自然选择结果。The breeding of the black redstart Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris was investigated in the Southeastern Qingzang （Tibetan） Plateau, at an altitude of 3470 m. The aim of this report is to examine whether the young would grow faster and have a smaller clutch of larger eggs and higher fledgling rate when living at higher altitude. The nests of black redstart were built in holes, average clutch size was 4.8 （range： 3 - 6） and egg size averaged 23.33 mm × 14.95 mm. Compared with closely related species at low elevation, the black redstart had smaller clutches of larger eggs. Only the females incubated their eggs and the incubation period lasted 13 - 14 days. The incubation rate was 64.5% . Both the female and the male provisioned their nestlings. The nest success rate was 81.3%. The period spent by the young in the nests lasted 16 - 19 days and the fledgling rate was 83.33%. Redstarts at higher altitudes had smaller clutches of larger eggs and provided greater parental care to their offspring, but the young did not achieve a greater fledgling rate. In low temperature conditions, greater parental care did not result in the offspring growing faster than those of closely related species in low altitude. We conclude that longer nestling period was not only required to for increase the young＇s quality, but also a result of natural selection due to the effetcs of hypoxia and low temperature

关 键 词：赭红尾鸲 青藏高原 尕海 繁殖 离巢率 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]