长江口两种重要石首鱼类的摄食习性  

Feeding habits of the two sciaenid fishes near the Changjiang estuary

作　　者：张波[1] 金显仕[1] 戴芳群[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《动物学报》2008年第2期209-217,共9页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(No.30490233);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(No.2006CB400600)~~

摘　　要：通过对2006年夏、秋季在长江口及其毗邻海域采集的575尾白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)和1089尾小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)胃含物样品的分析,利用多元统计分析方法,研究了它们的摄食习性以及随栖息地、季节和体长的变化规律。结果表明:该水域的白姑鱼是底栖动物食性,小黄鱼是混合动物食性,甲壳类在它们食物中均占83%以上的比例,2种石首鱼类的食物重叠系数为0.55。由于摄食的优势饵料种类的差异,使这2种石首鱼类之间不存在严重的食物竞争。与20世纪80年代的研究结果相比,两种石首鱼类所摄食的鱼类的比例均有所下降。结果还表明:白姑鱼的摄食习性较为稳定,受栖息环境、季节以及体长变化的影响较小;而小黄鱼随栖息环境、季节以及体长的变化较大,且109mm是其发生食性转换的一个关键的临界体长。By analyzing 1664 stomach samples （575 white croaker Argyrosomus argentatus and 1089 small yellow croaker Pseudosciaena polyactis ） collected nearby Changjiang estuary in summer and autumn 2006, we studied the feeding habits of these two species. Multivariate statistical technique was used to analyse data on the habitat, seasonal and ontogenetie variations in diet. In this study, percentage index of relative impertanee （%IRI） and the majority rule, by which over 60% of prey in the diet composition was defined as the major prey, were applied to determine feeding patterns. One-way Analysis of Similarities （ANOSIM） was performed to test the difference between species and seasons among the dietary eompesitions of the two seiaenid fishes in the waters around Changjiang estuary. Similarity Percentages （SIMPER） were used to determine which dietary categories typified particular groups and were most responsible for any dissimilarity between groups. Seasonal variations in the mean stomach fullness index and percentage of empty stomachs were tested by Kruskal-Wallis and χ^2-tests. Ontogenetie variation in diets was examined by grouping white croaker and small yellow croaker length into six and nine size classes, respectively, based on cluster analysis by running the PRIMER version 5.0 package. Cluster analysis employing the 60% Bray-Curtis Similarity Index was performed to determine ontogenetie variations in dietary eompesition. Results showed that the white croaker fed on 35 species, and the small yellow croaker fed on 41 species. Crustaceans were the most important prey and accounted for over 83% of the total food of both species, thereinto decapeda accounted for over 50% of total diet. Dietary compositions differed significantly between the two sciaenid species. Japanese snapping shrimp Alpheus japonicus and mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were more important in the diets of the white croaker, whiie lesser glass shrimp Leptochela gracilis and Northern maoxia shrimp Acetes chinensis were more import

关 键 词：白姑鱼 小黄鱼 长江口及其毗邻海域 摄食习性 食物重叠 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]