日光温室杏树的花型与落花落果规律研究  

Studies on Blossom Types,Flower Drop and Fruit Drop of Apricot Trees in Greenhouse

作　　者：杨恒[1] 魏安智[1] 杨途熙[1] 张建华[2] 梅志杰[2] 张睿[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌 712100 [2]户县林业科技中心,陕西户县 712000

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第4期87-91,共5页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西北农林科技大学科研专项日光温室杏果发育动态与品质研究(05ZR058)

摘　　要：对日光温室内与露地栽培的金太阳杏花期物候、花型、落花落果规律进行了观察与分析,结果表明:日光温室栽培比露地栽培的杏树始花期提前33 d,花期延长4 d,完全花比例低33.25%.经方差分析,它们之间的差异达到极显著水平(α=0.01),果枝上完全花比例由大到小的顺序露地为中果枝、长果枝、短果枝、花束状果枝,温室为短果枝、花束状果枝、中果枝、长果枝;温室内金太阳杏在落花前期脱落的花大多是不完全花,落花高峰过后脱落的花中大多为完全花,而这些脱落的完全花中,有80%表现为雌蕊枯萎,子房基本未发育.日光温室金太阳杏有2次生理落果,第一次生理落果发生在果实的第一速生期,第二次生理落果发生在果实的缓慢生长期,这一时期正是果实生长的硬核期.Blooming phenophase, blossom types, flower drop and fruit drop, and fruit development of ＂Gold Sun＂ apricot trees grown in greenhouse and in the open were observed and analyzed in 2004--2005. The results showed that under greenhouse conditions, date of initial flowering was advanced by 33 days, blooming period was prolonged by 4 days and the rate of complete flowers was reduced by 33. 25% as compared with the trees grown in the open field. Variance analysis showed highly significant differences for each of the above indexes （a=0.01）. The order of complete flower rate on blossom shoots （BS） was the medium BS, the long BS, the short BS, the cluster BS, when cultured in the open, and short BS, the cluster BS, the medium BS, the long BS in the greenhouse. In the greenhouse, dropped flowers were mostly incomplete blossom at the early stage, infertile flowers first and partly infertile flowers later. Flowers that dropped after the dropping peak were mostly complete blossom, 80% of which dropped because their pistils withered and their ovaries were undeveloped. The apricot showed two physiological fruit drops. The first occurred in the first fast growing stage and the second in the slowly growing period, which coincided with the stage of apricot-stone hardening.

关 键 词：温室栽培 金太阳杏 花型 落花落果 

分 类 号：S662[农业科学—果树学]