钦州市水稻免耕抛秧技术试验研究综述  

Summary on seedling-broadcast with no-tillage technique for rice in Qinzhou City

作　　者：黄世礽 

机构地区：[1]钦州市农业技术推广站,广西钦州535000

出　　处：《广西农业科学》2008年第2期139-143,共5页Guangxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科学技术部重点开发项目(2002EC00360)

摘　　要：水稻免耕抛秧技术试验研究和示范推广表明,水稻免耕除草剂以内吸型除草剂除草效果较好,触杀型除草剂次之;早稻每公顷抛栽30.0万～34.5万蔸、晚稻每公顷抛栽33.0万～36.0万蔸范围内,有效穗和产量随着抛栽密度的增加而增加;每公顷施纯氮189.15～226.95kg范围内,有效穗、结实率和产量随着施氮量的增加而增加;随着晚稻氮肥施用后移的比例适当加重,成穗率、穗粒数和产量随之增加;常耕耕田用水约是免耕泡田用水的2.63倍,本田用水相差不大,免耕抛秧的灌溉水生产效率为常耕抛秧的1.36～1.79倍。水稻免耕抛秧不但省工、省力,而且增产、节水、生态环保,节本增收效果明显,值得大力推广。The research experiments and extension demonstration of seedling-broadcast with no-tillage technique for rice showed that systematic absorbing type herbicide for no-tillage had better effects on weeding, and then is the contacting killing type. When the seedling-broadcast number per hectare was 300-345 thousands in early rice and 330-360 thousands in late rice, the effective panicle and yield of rice increased with the increase of seedling-broadcast density. At the range of 189.15-226.95 kg/hm^2 nitrogen application, the effective panicle, seed setting rate and yield of rice increased with the increase of nitrogen; with relatively increasing of nitrogen application rate at late stage, the effective tillering rate, grains number per panicle and yield of rice also increased. Moreover, the water application for field soaking of conventional tillage was 2.63 times for that of no-tillage, but the water application after transplanting in the field had no obvious difference for both. The production efficiency of irrigation water in seedling-broadcast with no-tillage was 1.36-1.79 times of that for seedling-broadcast with conventional tillage. Seedling-broadcast with no-tillage was not only saving labor, but also increasing the yield, saving water and protecting ecological environment, and the effects on saving cost and increasing yield were significant. Therefore, seedling-broadcast with no-tillage technology for rice could be further extended.

关 键 词：水稻 免耕抛秧 试验研究 经济效益 社会效益 

分 类 号：S511.048[农业科学—作物学]