南方红豆杉的天然更新格局及食果鸟类对其种子的传播  

Natural regeneration of Taxus chinensis var.mairei and its seed dispersal by frugivorous birds

作　　者：邓青珊[1] 朱琼琼[1] 鲁长虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2008年第5期712-717,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30170165);南京林业大学引进高层次人才基金资助项目

摘　　要：2006年9—12月，在皖南仙寓山对南方红豆杉（Taxus chinensis var．mairei）天然更新种群的分布格局及食果鸟类对其种子的传播作用进行了研究。结果表明：天然更新种群集中分布于仙寓山海拔540m以上面积约1．1hm^2的山坡上，与毛竹混生。共统计红豆杉1331株，其中高度30cm以下的幼苗1167株，占总数的87．68％。该红豆杉种群为缓慢增长型种群，空间水平格局呈聚集分布。经过对结实母树的定点连续观察，记录到10种鸟类取食红豆杉种子，其中红嘴蓝鹊（Urocissa erythrorhyncha）、栗背短脚鹎（Hemixos castanonotus）和绿翅短脚鹎（Hypsipetes mcclellandii）为主要的取食者和传播者。食果鸟类吞入种子后，消化果肉（假种皮）后，种子随粪便排出而得以传播。野外调查中，在鸟类经常活动的地点发现带有红豆杉种子新鲜的鸟类粪便，每个含有1～2颗种子。未被鸟类取食的落果自然掉落于树冠下，假种皮被昆虫取食或腐烂，种子在母树下能正常萌发，但存活率几乎为零。因此，鸟类在该红豆杉天然种群形成中起到了重要作用，它们将种子传播至适宜萌发和生长的环境中。The spatial pattern of naturally regenerated population of Taxus chinensis var. mairei and its seed dispersal by frngivorous birds in Xianyu Mountain of southern Anhui Province were investigated from September to December, 2006. The results showed that the naturally regenerated population was clumped distributed on the hillside at the altitude of 〉 540 m and with an area of about 1.1 hm2, and grew with bamboo （Phyllostachys heterocycla） in mixture. There were 1 331 individuals of T. chinensis vat. mairei in total, including 1 167 individuals of seedlings with the height less than 30 era, which accounted for 87.68% of total. The population was of slowly increasing type, and presented a clumped spatial pattern. Ten species of frngivorous birds were found to feed on T. chinensis vat. mairei seeds, of which, Urocissa erythrorhyncha, Hemixos castanonotus and Hypsipetes mcclellandii were the most important predators and dispersers. They swallowed the whole seed, digested the red aril, and excreted the seed intaetly. One or two seeds could be found in each fresh feces of the frngivorous birds. The dropping seeds under parent trees were eaten by insects or decayed. Seeds under parent trees could germinate, but death rate was greatly high. Our study suggested that frngivorous birds played important role in T. chinensis var. mairei regeneration. They could transport the seeds to the new sites profitable for the seed germination and further growth.

关 键 词：仙寓山 南方红豆杉 天然更新 食果鸟 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]