化学肥料的土壤生态环境效应  

Impact of chemical fertilizers application on soil ecological environment

作　　者：李东坡[1] 武志杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第5期1158-1165,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B06;2006BAD10B01);农业部国家公益性行业科研专项计划项目(2007-3);沈阳市"十五"计划重大项目(1021009-3);科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(K52BE-KJBCGZH0501);中国科学院农办项目(C04ADYNB0501);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所知识创新重大资助项目(KZCX1-SW-19-肥料)

摘　　要：目前我国的化肥生产和消费量均居世界第一.2006年全年化肥产量达5304.8×104t,比2005年增长14.2%,化肥氮平均施用量超过220kg·hm-2,一季作物磷肥施用量超过102kg·hm-2(P2O5).一些化肥中含有有毒重金属、无机酸和有机物等副成分,长期施用化肥导致污染物在土壤中累积,严重影响土壤的生态环境,使蔬菜、粮食、水果等农产品中的重金属、硝酸盐等有害物质严重超标,农产品质量受到严重威胁.本文分析了化肥污染土壤的原因、特点和后果及我国土壤环境现状,并提出了减轻化肥污染农业生态环境的技术和措施.China heads the list in the world＇s chemical fertilizers production and consumption. In 2006, the chemical fertilizers production in this country was 5304.8 × 10^4 t, being 14.2% higher than that in 2005. At present, its chemical nitrogen application rate is averagely more than 220 kg · hm^-2, and phosphorous fertilizer application rate is more than 102 kg · hm^-2（ P205 ） in single growing season. Some chemical fertilizers in use contain toxic by-components such as heavy metals, inorganic acids and organic pollutants, and thus, a long-term application of these chemical fertilizers can possibly induce the accumulation of these by-components in soil, resulting in the worsening of soil ecological environment, and making the heavy metals, nitrate, and other harmful components in agricultural products including vegetables, grains and fruits seriously surpassed the standards. In this paper, the causes, characteristics, and consequences of soil contamination via chemical fertilizers application were discussed, and some countermeasures for the mitigation of agro-ecological environmental pollution by chemical fertilizers were put forward.

关 键 词：土壤污染 氮肥 磷肥 钾肥 重金属 有机污染物 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]