不同遗传背景矮败麦发育上的几个特点  

A Study on Dwarfing MaleSterile Wheats with Different Genetic Backgrounds

作　　者：孙家柱[1] 薛民生[1] 张福胜[1] 朱维云 尹俊玉[1] 毕诗宏 

机构地区：[1]北京市农科院作物所

出　　处：《华北农学报》1997年第4期28-32,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

摘　　要：１９９４～１９９５年通过对转育４代的１２０个不同遗传背景的矮败麦（Ｔａｌ－Ｒｈｔ１０）后代分离出的不育株与散粉株的比较得到如下结果：①不同遗传背景的不育株与其姊妹散粉株的株高均差异明显，且此差值的大小与散粉株的株高呈极显著正相关，不同遗传背景下散粉株株高的变异系数最小，不育株次之，而以散粉株与其姊妹不育株株高差值的变异系数最大。②不育株的抽穗期比其姊妹散粉株平均推迟３．４ｄ，开颖传粉期推迟更多。该差值因不同的遗传背景而具有较大的变异系数；不育株与其姊妹散粉株的发育进度呈极显著正相关，但使用早熟的轮回亲本对于缩小二者在发育进度上的差值作用不大，矮败株发育晚的遗传特点与Ｒｈｔ１０的降秆作用类似，表现为不完全显性。③通过矮杆标记极大地便利了群体中去劣和株间授粉。但为了保证异交结实率有必要对矮败麦群体进行分期播种，以提高轮回选择的效果。“Dwarfing malesterile wheat”is a dominant genetic male sterile material with the dwarfing marker. The gene Tal for male sterility and Rht10 for dominant dwarfness located on the short arm of chromosome 4D are closely linked. This material, if pollinated by nondwarfing varieties,always gives rise to one half dwarf, sterile progeny (D.S.)and one half tall, fertile progeny (T.F.).By successive backcross with different male parents for 4 cycles,120 lines of dwarfing malesterile wheats with different genetic backgrounds had been obtained.Through analyses on the characteristics of development,the relationship between D.S.plants and their sister T.F.plants,i.e.,between the genotypes with TalRht10 and their corresponding background genotypes without TalRht10,could be summarized as follows:(1)The height of D.S.plants and the height differences between T.F.and D.S.plants were significantly correlated with the height of T.F.plants.The D.S.plants with different genetic backgrounds had a relatively larger variation coefficient in height than that of T.F.plants.(2)The averages from the whole materials indicated that the heading stage of D.S. plants came 3.4 days later than that of the T.F. plants,and the flower stage of D.S. plants was even later.Though all the D.S. plants sprouted spikes later than their sister T.F.plants did in some extent,the developing rates of D.S.and T.F.plants were significantly correlated. All these indicated that the low developing rate of D.S.plants was of a efect of incomplete dominance.(3)The dwarfing marker could be used for identifying male sterile and fertile plants before the heading stage,and for selecting or eliminating plants in population for recurrent selection.But a later flower stage of D.S.plants might cause low seed rates.In order to achieve random mating among various kinds of materials within a population,the split sowing method for different materials was suggested.

关 键 词：矮败麦 太谷核不育 发育特点 轮回选择 

分 类 号：S512.103[农业科学—作物学]