濒危植物肉苁蓉(Cistanche deserticola)繁育系统研究  

A Study on Breeding System of the Endangered Plant Cistanche deserticola

作　　者：宋玉霞[1] 郭生虎[1] 牛东玲[1] 郑国琦[1] 马洪爱[1] 李苗[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农业生物技术重点实验室,银川750002

出　　处：《植物研究》2008年第3期278-282,287,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30260008);国家科技攻关西部专项资助项目(2002BA901A32);宁夏自然科学基金项目(nz0522)

摘　　要：在自然居群中通过野外定位观测，运用杂交指数（OCI）；花粉-胚珠比（P／O）；去雄、套袋、人工授粉等方法对濒危植物肉苁蓉（Cistanehe deserticola Ma）的花序发育、开花特性、花粉活力、柱头可授性、传粉方式、繁育系统进行了研究，结果表明：肉苁蓉穗状无限花序的生长发育期可明显分为拱土期、出土期、开花期、结实与种子成熟期四个阶段。两性花，单花开放时间2～3d，花序有花期持续20～25d。种群开花历时36～38d。开花时柱头略高出花药，柱头较大，下垂。重力玻片法检测，风媒导致的异株异花传粉完全可以忽略。主要访花昆虫为蜂类。扫描电镜观察虫体，蜂类携带大量花粉，但传粉飞行距离大部分为0。杂交指数为3；花粉-胚珠比为35．45±8．56；结合去雄、套袋和人工授粉试验结果，认为肉苁蓉属于以自交为主的繁育系统。We conducted a field of investigation, out crossing index, pollen-ovule ratio, emasculation, bagging and artificial pollination studied the inflorescence development,fowering character, pollination, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, breeding System of Cistanche deserticola Ma in natural populations. The results show： the inflorescence of growth stage of inflorescence into break Cistanche deserticola Ma are indefinite spike, we can divide the through the soil,come up out of the land, efflorescence and frutescence and seed of maturity stage. It is hermaphrodite flower, flowering lasted 2 to 3 days. The flowering span of inflorescence is 25 - 30 days. The flowering span among populations is 36 - 38 days. When flower is blooming,the stigma is a little higher than the anther,the stigma is bigger and prolapsed. The result of experiment of gravity and sheet glass showed, the out crossing of wind-pollination in this species could be ignored. The main flower visitors are bees, flies and beetles. SEM examinations of insect body showed great quantity of pollen grain were carried by bees. The visitors usually visit the hetero flower in the same inflorescence. The flying range of flower visitors are zero frequently. Out crossing index is 3, pollen-ovule ratio（p/o） is 35.45 ± 8.56. Based on the results of emasculation,bagging and artificial pollination studies, Cistanche deserticola Ma takes selfing as the main breeding system.

关 键 词：肉苁蓉 开花特性 繁育系统 杂交指数 花粉-胚珠比 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]