华山松蓝变真菌(Leptographium qinlingensis)的生物学*特性研究  

Biological characteristics of blue-stain fungus(Leptographium qinlingensis) in Pinus armandi

作　　者：蒲晓娟[1] 陈辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第5期129-134,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(30730073);长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0748);国家"十一五"科技支撑项目(2001BA509B1203)

摘　　要：【目的】秦岭细粘束孢（Leptographium qinlingensis）是华山松大小蠹成虫携带的致病性真菌,在华山松大小蠹入侵健康华山松后,于寄主韧皮部和木质部边材组织与细胞内发育,分解树脂道泌脂细胞和薄壁细胞,进而影响华山松树脂代谢和水分代谢。对秦岭细粘束孢的生物学特性进行研究,可为华山松大小蠹的综合防治提供理论依据。【方法】通过室内抑菌试验,测定不同温度（5,10,15,20,25,27.5,30和35℃）、培养基（PDA、麦芽汁、察氏和PDA＋华山松韧皮部浸提液）、pH值（4.0,5.0,5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0和8.0）、水势（-0.2,-0.5,-1.0,-1.5,-2.0和-2.5 Mpa）和松针汁（华山松、油松、白皮松、云杉）对秦岭细粘束孢菌丝和孢子发育的影响,并比较了氧化铜、甲霜灵、甲基托布津、代森锌、链霉素和多菌灵6种杀菌剂的抑菌活性。【结果】秦岭细粘束孢菌丝生长的适宜温度为20～30℃,菌丝最适生长温度为27.5℃,产孢最适温度为20℃;该菌在麦芽汁培养基中生长和产孢最好;菌丝生长和孢子发育的适宜pH为4.0～6.5,以pH值5为最佳;在高水势环境下生长较好,菌丝体生物量随培养基水势的降低而不断减少;在添加华山松针叶汁的PDA培养基中,菌丝生长和产孢最好;代森锌、甲基托布津、甲霜灵和氧化铜均有较强的抑菌作用,其中以代森锌效果最明显。【结论】初步探明了秦岭细粘束孢菌丝生长和产孢的最适温度、培养基、pH值和培养基水势;进一步证明了秦岭细粘束孢对寄主华山松营养的高度选择性;筛选出了对秦岭细粘束孢抑菌效果较好的杀菌剂。[Objective] Leptographium qinlingensis is the pathogenic fungus carried by adults of Dendroctonus armandi ,which develops in the tissues and cells of xylem and phloem of Pinus armandi after D. armandi attacks healthy host trees, decomposes the secretory resin cells in resin ducts and the parenchyma cell sapwood tissues, then affects the metabolism of resin and the moisture content. Biological characteristics of L. qinlingensis were studied to provide the important theory basis for exploring the bark beetles sustainable control. [Method] Through indoor test the mycelia growth and spores＇ germination of L. qinlingensis were measured at different temperatures （5,10,15,20,25,27.5,30 and 35 ℃ ）, media （PDA, MEA, Czapek,PDA＋P. armandi xylem extract）,pH values （4.0,5.0,5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0 and 8.0）,water potentials （-0.2,-0.5,-1.0,-1.5,-2.0 and -2.5 Mpa）,needle extracts of pine （P. armandi,P, tabulaeformis, P. bungeana, Picea asperata ）, and the antibacterial avtivities of the copper oxide, metalaxyl, topsinmethyl,zineb,streptomycin and carbendazim were compared. [Result] The results indicated that the suitable temperature for mycelia growth was 20- 30 ℃, the optimum 27.5 ℃, and the optimum temperature for spores＇ germination 20℃. The suitable pH value for mycelia growth was 4-6.5 ,the optimum pH value 5,and the optimum medium of mycelia growth and spore numbers was malt-agar medium. The mycelia was used to grow in higher water potential, and the mycelium biomass reduced as the water potential decreased. Comparison of four tested PDA mediums with different pine extracts of needles, the optimum media was the one with needle nutrition of P. armandi. Furthermore, the statistic results showed that six tested fungicides possessed certain antifungal activities against L. qinlingensis, the suitable fungicide was zineb, topsin-methyl, metalaxyl, cupric oxide, and the best fungicide was zineb. [Conclusion] The study found preliminarily the optimum temperature, pH value, media and water potential medi

关 键 词：华山松 蓝变真菌 秦岭细粘束孢 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S763.15[农业科学—森林保护学] S763.301[农业科学—林学]