电子废物不当处置的重金属污染及其环境风险评价 Ⅱ.分布于人居环境(村镇)内的电子废物拆解作坊及其附近农田的土壤重金属污染  

Studies on Heavy Metal Contamination by Improper Handling of E-Waste and Its Environmental Risk Evaluation Ⅱ.Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Soils on E-Waste Disassembling Workshops within Villages and the Adjacent Agricultural Soils

作　　者：罗勇[1] 罗孝俊[2] 杨中艺[1] 余晓华[1] 袁剑刚[1] 陈社军[2] 麦碧娴[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院 [2]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2008年第2期123-129,共7页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：广东省科技攻关项目(No.2006B36701005)

摘　　要：电子废物拆解活动一般集中于村镇内靠近人居环境的区域,其污染对当地居民身体健康的影响最为直接.为了了解电子废物拆解活动所造成的重金属污染,对广东省清远市龙塘镇、石角镇内电子废物拆解作坊共29个表土样本以及附近农田33个土壤样本进行了取样,并分析了重金属Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd含量.结果表明,龙塘镇电子废物拆解作坊表土中4种重金属的总含量平均值高达11086mg·kg-1,远高于电子废物焚烧迹地,其中Zn、Cu、Pb和Cd平均含量分别为3039.6、6371.5、1635.4和39.3mg·kg-1.从事电子废物拆解业历史较短的石角镇的拆解作坊表土中,4种重金属总含量和各金属平均含量均低于龙塘镇,显示出拆解历史越长,污染越严重的倾向.与焚烧工序相比,拆解工序中的Zn、Cd污染更为严重,Cu污染相近,Pb污染相对较低.在拆解作坊附近33个农田土壤样本中,Zn含量不超标,Cd含量超标最严重,超标率为78.8%,最大超标倍数达25.7倍,其次是Cu,超标率为63.7%,最大超标倍数达6.3倍,再次为Pb,超标率为48.5%,最大超标倍数为2.1倍.4种重金属的综合超标率达到81.8%.农田土壤中4种重金属与拆解作坊表土中重金属具有一定的同源性,并表现出共迁移特征.由此可见,研究地区大规模的电子废物拆解活动已对当地居民造成了严重的健康风险。E-waste disassembling activities are usually operated within villages, a human settling environment. Thus, the pollution caused by the activities directly influences health of inhabitants in the region. In order to clarify heavy metal contamination of the activities, 29 samples of surface soil on E-waste disassembling workshops（EWDW） and 33 samples of the adjacent agricultural soils were collected in Longtang Town and Shijiao Town, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China. Concentrations of heavy metals （Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd）in the soils were analyzed. Results showed that the average total volume of the 4 metals in the surface soils on the EWDW in Longtang Town reached up to 11086mg ·kg^-1, being much higher than that in the E-waste open burning site. The average concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd there were 3039.6, 6371.5, 1635.4 and 39.3mg .kg^-1, respectively. In Shijiao Town, which had shorter E-waste recycling activities, the average total volume of the 4 metals and their average concentrations in the surface soils on the EWDW were much lower than those in the Longtang Town, indicating that heavy metal contamination was associated positively with the duration of the E-waste recycling activities. Compared with the E-waste open burning activities, the E-waste disassembling activities caused more serious Zn and Cd contaminations and a comparative Cu contamination, and a relatively lower Pb contamination. In the 33 samples of the agricultural soils near the EWDW, concentrations of Zn were at a safe level, but 78% samples exceeded the maximal Cd limitation with the 25.7 folds maximum excess, followed by Cu （63.7% samples and 6.3 folds） and Pb （48.5% samples and 2.1 folds ）.There was totally 81.8% samples that contained whichever metals at higher level than the safe limitation for agricultural production. The contamination of the heavy metals in agricultural soils seemed to root in the E-waste disassembling activities, and the 4 metals were likely transferred concurrently. Therefore, the inhabitants in the invest

关 键 词：电子废物 回收处置 拆解 重金属污染 土壤 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X76