从混合宪政走向民主政治——近代英国宪政观念的流变与阶级妥协局面的形成  

From the Mixed Constitution to Democracy Regime: the Change of English Constitutional Opinion and the Formation of Class Compromise

作　　者：颜廷[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《史学集刊》2008年第3期105-113,共9页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：近代英国两大统治集团贵族与中等阶级在宪政观念上经历了三个阶段的演变:18世纪至19世纪早期贵族坚持对政治民主特权化的理解和独占权;19世纪30年代后贵族转变宪政观念,承认了中等阶级对民主的共享权,但坚持对民主的特权性解释,而中等阶级也继承了这一点;1865年后中等阶级破除了对民主的狭隘理解,在观念上转变了对社会下层宪政能力和潜质的认识,承认了社会下层的宪政权利。由此,近代英国主流社会对民主权利的解释经历了从狭义的特权性理解到普适性理解的转变过程。正是由于主流社会,尤其是中等阶级在宪政观念上的积极转型,使英国在维多利亚时代中期奠定了现代民主政治基础,同时也塑造了近代英国社会的阶级妥协局面。In modem English history, the constitutional opinion of autocracy and the middle class had experienced three phases. The first one is from the 18th to early 19th when the autocracy took on the democracy as a special right. After the 1930＇s the autocracy changed their notion and accepted that the industrial and commercial property was equal to land property and that the middle class could share democracy with them. But meanwhile they persisted that democracy still was a privilege, and the middle class accepted this notion. The period after 1865 is the third phrase. The middle class broke through the parochial comprehension to democracy and admitted the substrate＇ s constitutional fights. With transformation of the main classes＇ constitutional opinion, the interpretation on democracy experienced the change from special right to general one. Just because of the positive while the class change in constitutional notion, the social compromise between the classes has been created compromise in modem English has been achieved.

关 键 词：混合宪政 民主政治 阶级妥协 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]