轻度碘缺乏病儿童与社会文化环境不良儿童智力特点的探讨  

Study on the intelligence quotient characteristics of mild iodine deficiency disorders children and sociocultural condition abnormal Children

作　　者：李静[1] 高晓彩[1] 郑子健[1] 郭亚乐[2] 李瑞林[2] 戴宏星[3] 张富昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院应用心理学研究所,西安710069 [2]西安交通大学第二附属医院 [3]陕西省地方病防治研究所

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2008年第3期280-283,共4页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：国家“九五”、“十五”科技攻关计划项目（96-920-11-09、2001BA901A49）

摘　　要：目的探讨亚克汀病与社会文化型弱智儿童划界诊断的智力诊断指标。方法以秦巴山区7-14岁轻度碘缺乏病、社会文化环境不良和精神运动功能正常儿童为对象，用韦克斯勒量表测定儿童言语智商、操作智商和总智商，通过对儿童智力测验成绩（分数）的比较，寻找特异性的智力诊断指标。结果精神运动功能正常组与社会文化环境良好组儿童的言语智商（89．24±18．44与90．75±17．58）、操作智商（87．58±15．78与88．95±15．56）和总智商（87．42±17．84与89．02±17．18）分数比较，差异均无统计学意义（t值分别为1．14、1．19、1．24，P〉0．05）；轻度碘缺乏病组儿童的操作智商、总智商低于社会文化环境不良组儿童（65．81±10．22与72．33±13．23、6242±12．31与68．13±14．54），两组分数比较差异有统计学意义（t值分别为3．26、2．55，P〈0．01或〈0．05）；轻度碘缺乏病组儿童言语智商与操作智商的平均分数差值为-0．32，二者比较差异无统计学意义（t=0．28，P〉0．05）；社会文化环境不良组儿童平均分数差值为-2．91，二者比较差异有统计学意义（t=-3．59，P〈0．01）。结论轻度碘缺乏病儿童智力特点为言语智商与操作智商平衡受损，社会文化环境不良儿童的智力特点为言语智商受损程度大于操作智商，可依据不同的受损特点，作为区分亚克汀病与社会文化型弱智儿童划界诊断的智力诊断标准。Objective To investigate the intelligence standard for diagnose the sub-cretin children and children with mental retardation of socio-cultural type. Methods The full intelligence quotient（IQ）, verbal intelligence quotient（VIQ） and performance intelligence quotient（PIQ） was tested by Wechsler scale（C-WISC） for mild iodine deficiency disorders children, children living in abnormal socio-cultural condition and normal children aged 7 - 14 years old in Qinba mountain area. The test results had been compared between the groups. Results There were no significant difference between psychomotor functioning well children and children living normal sociocultural condition in VIQ, PIQ and full IQ （89.24 ± 18.44 vs 90.75 ± 17.58, 87.58 ± 15.78 vs 88.95 ± 15.56, 87.42 ± 17.84 vs 89.02 ± 17.18, t = 1.14,1.19 and 1.24, respectively, all P 〉 0.05）. PIQ and full IQ were significantly lower in mild iodine deficiency disorders children than in children with abnormal socio-cultural background （65.81 ± 10.22 vs 72.33 ± 13.23, 62.42 ± 12.31 vs 68.13 ± 14.54, t = 3.26, 2.55, P〈 0.01 or 〈 0.05, respectively）. But the VIQ was not significantly different between these two groups. The average difference of VIQ and PIQ among mild iodine deficiency disorders children was - 0.32 without significant difference （t = 0.28, P 〉 0.05）, however it was - 2.91 among children under abnormal socio-cuhural condition with significant difference （t = - 3.59, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions IQ for iodine deficiency disorders children is characterized by that VIQ is damaged in parallel with PIQ, while that in children under abnormal socio-cultural condition is marked by that VIQ is retarded more severely than PIQ, which can be used as an intelligence standard for differentiating the sub-cretin children from children with socio-cultural mental retardation.

关 键 词：儿童 智力 韦氏智力量表 言语智商 操作智商 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]