太湖地区蔬菜地土壤中有机氯农药残留的变化  

Changes of Organochlorine Pesticides(OCPs) Residues in Vegetable Soil in Taihu Lake Area

作　　者：郝红涛[1,2] 孙波[1] 周生路[3] 赵振华[4] 赵其国[1] 黄洪光 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]南京大学城市与资源科学系,江苏南京210093 [4]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,环境科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098 [5]江苏省宜兴市农林局,江苏宜兴214206

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第3期862-866,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2005CB121108);中科院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-427)

摘　　要：有机氯农药(Organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)从1983年在中国蔬菜地中已被禁止使用,但由于其高残留和高毒性,至今依然对生态安全和人类健康产生潜在威胁。本研究采用现场采样及室内分析方法,分别对太湖地区不同利用时间(分别为1、5、10、15、20、30、50a)蔬菜地的OCPs残留进行研究,并以附近水稻田作为对照。结果表明,(1)表层(0～15cm)和下层(15～30cm)没有显著性差异,OCPs含量范围为19.81～45.0ng·g-1(平均值为32.5ng·g-1),OCPs从1～15a逐渐增加,15～50a又呈逐渐减少趋势;(2)测定土壤的∑DDT,∑HCH(Hexachlorocyclohexane),HCB(Hexachlorobenzene),狄氏剂(Dieldrin),异狄氏剂(Endrin),五氯硝基苯(Pentachloronitrobenzene,PCNB),硫丹(α-Endosulfan)的检出率均高达100%;(3)其中,∑DDT和∑HCH占OCP的主要成分(平均为80%),大部分都低于中国土壤环境质量标准(GB15618—95)一级标准含量(50ng·g-1);(4)从α-HCH/γ-HCH,DDE/DDT的比率看,在1983年中国禁用后,太湖地区的蔬菜田中依然有新的HCHs和DDTs进入土壤。Organoehlorine pesticides （OCPs） have been banned in China since 1983, but due to there special high toxicity, they still can pose a potential threat to human health. OCPs were analyzed in soil samples collected from a site for vegetable field in different cultivating year in Taihu lake area. Different tillage year were selected as follows： 1,5,10, 15,20,30,50 a. Paddy field nearby was also selected for comparison. The results showed： （1）There was no significantly difference between the surface layer （0-15 cm） and subsurface layer （15-30 cm）. The range of OCPs was 19.81-45.0 ng. g^-1. The average value was 32.5 ng. g^-1. The mean residues of OCPs increased significantly with vegetable planting time after land use change in the first 15 years, then decreased afterwards. （2）OCPs inclucding DDTs, HCHs, PCNB （Pentachloronitrobenzene）, Dieldrin, Endrin, α-Endosulfan were 100% detected in all samples of soil samples. （3） ∑ DDT and ∑ HCH consisted around 80% of the OCPs. However, most of them are lower than the China National Soil Quality Standard （GB15618-95）. （4）Depending on the α- HCH/γ-HCH and DDE/DDT ratio, new resources of HCHs and DDTs may have been input to the soil since been banned in 1983 in China.

关 键 词：有机氯农药 蔬菜田土壤 DDT HCH 太湖 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53