煤矸石堆周围土壤重金属污染空间分布及评价  

Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils Around the Coal Waste Rock Pile and Their Environmental Pollution Assessment

作　　者：杨建[1] 陈家军[1] 王心义[2] 

机构地区：[1]环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室/北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]河南理工大学,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第3期873-878,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：教育部重点基金项目(104012);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40272107);河南省科学技术成果(9412006R0597)

摘　　要：对焦作矿区演马矿煤矸石堆周围土壤中Zn、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Mn的空间分布特征进行了检测和分析,根据重金属含量对土壤环境质量进行评价,并结合研究区地形地貌、气候特征、土壤性质研究重金属分布和来源。结果表明,在9个采样点45个土样中,No.1～No.5采样点上Zn或者Cd超标,其中No.1和No.4采样点上10个土样均超标,Zn含量最高超三级标准达18倍,Cd含量最高超二级标准43倍;所测土壤重金属综合评价中,重污染占22.2%,轻污染占2.2%,警戒水平占6.7%,其中No.1和No.4属于重污染,No.2已经达到警戒水平,甚至出现了轻度污染;重金属含量在平面上与煤矸石堆距离成负相关,在剖面上与深度关系不明显;土壤中重金属污染分布特征与地势高低、风向和土壤性质有关。Distribution of zinc （Zn）, cadmium （Cd）, chromium （Cr）, copper （Cu） and manganese （Mn） in soil around Yanma mine of Jiaozuo coal mining area were studied, and pollution status of heavy metals on the soil environment was evaluated. Topography, climatic characteris- tics and soil property in the research area were used to study the distribution and source of heavy metals. Among the 45 soil samples collected from 9 sampling sites, the concentrations of Zn or Cd in No. 1-No.5 sampling sites were above the national standards, especially the concentrations of Zn and Cd in the 10 soil samples from No. 1 and No.4 sites, which were all above the national standards. The maximum concentration of Zn was 18 times of the third standard, and that of Cd was 43 times of the secondary standard. The composite pollution indexes of all samples were composed of heavily （22.2%）, lightly （2.2%） and alertly （6.7%） contaminated soils. Among these indexes, the soil samples from No. 1 and No.4 sites were heavily contaminated, and those from No.2 sites were lightly and alertly contaminated. The concentrations of heavy metals correlated negatively with the distance of coal waste rock pile on the plane, but showed no obvious correlation with the depth. The concentration distributions of heavy metals in soils related to hypsography, wind direction and soil properties.

关 键 词：煤矸石 重金属 土壤 空间分布 评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]