天然脂肪酸类物质对温室连作黄瓜和番茄幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Natural Fatty Acids on the Growth of Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) and Tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Seedlings in the Continuously Mono-cropped Soil in Greenhouse

作　　者：李晶[1] 阮维斌[1] 陈永智[2] 许华[1] 刘思蕴[1] 吴建波[1] 郑连斌[3] 高玉葆[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]寿光市农业局,山东寿光262700 [3]天津师范大学化学与生命科学学院,天津300074

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第3期1022-1028,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：天津市应用基础研究计划面上项目(06YFJMJC12100);国家“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BAD07B03);国家863项目(2006AA10Z423)

摘　　要：通过盆栽和田间苗床试验研究了天然脂肪酸类物质棕榈酸和油酸对连作土壤环境下黄瓜、番茄幼苗生长的影响,并就棕榈酸和油酸的抑菌性作了测定。盆栽试验包括对照(不添加任何脂肪酸)、低量处理(2g棕榈酸·kg-1土+2mL油酸·kg-1土)和高量处理(4g棕榈酸·kg-1土+4mL油酸·kg-1土)。苗床试验包括对照(不添加任何脂肪酸)和处理(60g棕榈酸·m-2土+60mL油酸·m-2土)。结果表明,添加油酸、棕榈酸可促进植株的生长,有利于壮苗的形成。盆栽试验中,油酸和棕榈酸高量处理对幼苗的促进作用更为明显,植株茎粗、生物量、侧根数、壮苗指数和根系活力较对照存在显著或极显著差异。番茄幼苗的矿质养分含量表现为处理条件下,植株地上部的钾含量显著升高和整株钠含量的显著降低。田间苗床试验进一步验证了脂肪酸类物质能够促进幼苗生长。抑菌性测定结果表明,棕榈酸有显著抑制病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的作用。本试验表明在与其他措施相结合的基础上,天然脂肪酸物质将在苗床育苗中具有较好的应用潜力。The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oleic acid and palmitic acid on the growth of cucumber and tomato seedlings, which were planted in the continuously mono-cropped soil with both pot and seedbed trials. In the pot experiments, three treatments were prepared： the control （no fatty acids addition）, low level of the fatty acids （2 g palmitic acid and 2 mL oleic acid per kg soil）, and the high ones （4 g palmitic acid and 4 mL oleic acid per kg soil） for each crop species. In the seedbed experiments two treatments were prepared with （60 g palmitic acid and 60 mL oleic acid per m^2 soil） or without fatty acids. The results of the pot trials showed that the combination of oleic and palmitic acids significantly promoted the growth of the both cucumber and tomato seedlings. In addition, it was found that addition of fatty acids resulted in a reduction of sodium content of the whole plant, but increased potassium content in tomato shoot. In particular, in one pot experiment of tomato, addition of fatty acids led to reduce the number of death seedling although the pathogen remains unknown. The seedbed experiments performed under the field conditions further confirmed that the fatty acids had the positive effect on the growth of both plants. When cultured in Petri dishes, the mycelial growth and spore germinations of four common phytopathogenic fungi were significantly inhibited by the addition of palmitic acid, but not by adding oleie acid. The present study suggested that the oleic and palimitic acids could be potential and reliable natural substances for promoting seedling growth of some vegetable crops in greenhouse.

关 键 词：黄瓜 番茄 油酸 棕榈酸 抗真菌性 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]