酸雨对土壤酸化和油菜中后期生长发育的影响  

Effects of Acid Rain upon Soil Acidization and Growth/Development of Rape Crop in Its Middle-late Stages

作　　者：梁骏[1] 郑有飞[1] 李璐[1] 麦博儒[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第3期1043-1050,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目2006CB403705);江苏省“333工程”资助项目;江苏省六大人才高峰资助项目(2004)

摘　　要：油菜中后期生长发育与产量品质的形成有密切的关系。通过大田栽培喷淋和土柱淋溶试验,研究油菜生长中后期间不同pH模拟酸雨对土壤酸化、植株生长、花果繁育及与产量品质形成有关的某些生理指标影响效应。结果表明,土壤酸化程度与酸雨pH值关系密切;土壤缓冲有减缓土壤酸化和油菜大田土壤生态环境恢复的作用。酸雨pH<3.5,土壤pH受酸雨酸度控制,土壤缓冲性能减弱,酸化加强,K、Na、Ca、Mg等盐基离子淋失严重,N素吸收受阻。酸雨明显抑制了油菜地上部分生长:株高、叶面积、单叶面鲜重随酸雨酸度增加而下降;叶片表面灼伤并出现褐斑;叶绿素减少,光合速率降低;花受害百分率高达68.22%,花序顶端萎缩,花瓣皱折,有效角果数减少,落花落果增加。酸雨胁迫下,油菜细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性明显升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性出现明显波动,对产量品质形成产生不利的影响。There is a close relationship between growth/development in its middle-late stages and yield/quality formation of rape. By spaying and soil columns leaching experiment with different pH values of AR, the impact of simulated acid rain on soil acidification, plant growth, flowers and pods breeding and some biochemical indexes which related to yield/quality formation were studied under the natural field ecological conditions in its middle-late stages of rape. The results showed that soil acidification greatly related to pH value of acid rain. Soil buffering played a dominant role in the soil aeidization and the soil ecological environment recovering in rape field, pH〈3.5 （AR） could restrain the pH value of soil, reduce the soil amortizing, boost the soil acidification, increase K, Na, Ca and Mg ions release from soil in amount, impede the plant absorbing nitrogen, and the aerial growth of rape was suppressed at the same time. With the acidity of acid rain elevating, the plant height, leaf areas and fresh weights diminished. Surface of leaf burned and some brown spots appeared. More chloroplast of rape was damaged, which resulted in photosynthetic rate reducing. The flower damage rate was up to 68.22%, the top of inflorescenees occurred atrophying, some petals crinkledz, pods decreased, large amount of flower/fruitlet dropped off. Under the acid rain stress, the cell plasma membrane permeability, malonie aldehyde （MDA） contents and peroxidase （POD） activity would increase correspondingly. The fluctuation of eatalase （CAT） activity occurred in lower pH value of acid rain. In conclusion, the acid rain had adverse influences on the yield/quality formation by impacting growth/development in its middle-late stages of rape.

关 键 词：酸雨 油菜 土壤酸化 中后期 

分 类 号：X517[环境科学与工程—环境工程]